Sex and Age Differences Modulate Association of Vitamin D with Serum Triglyceride Levels

Cheng, Ying-Lien; Lee, Ting-Wei; Kao, Yu Hsun; Wu, Chih-Yin; Chen, Yi Jen

doi:10.3390/jpm12030440

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…A cross-sectional study comprising a total of 4021 middle-aged and older participants indicated that vitamin D deficiency was positively associated with the prevalence of hyperlipidemia, and this association was stronger in men than in women ( 26 ). Similarly, our previous study revealed the positive association between vitamin D deficiency and hypertriglyceridemia was significant in men but not in women ( 12 ). However, this study demonstrated that increases in the levels of 25(OH)D were correlated with decreases in the TG levels in both the genders.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Observational data indicate an inverse correlation between the serum levels of 25(OH)D and those of lipids ( 10 , 11 ). The aforementioned studies have reported that individuals with low levels of serum 25(OH)D have higher levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) but lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) than those with higher levels of 25(OH)D. Our recent study in an East Asian population revealed that sex and age modulate the positive correlation between vitamin D deficiency and hypertriglyceridemia ( 12 ). Furthermore, a recent meta-analysis indicated that vitamin D supplementation substantially reduces the levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C ( 13 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin D level regulates serum lipids discrepantly in adults with and without dyslipidemia

Cheng

Lee

Chien

et al. 2023

Endocrine Connections

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Vitamin D deficiency is associated with hyperlipidemia, but it remains unclear whether vitamin D supplementation reduces serum lipid levels. The aims of this study were to investigate the associations between increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and lipid levels, and identify the characteristics of people with or without lipid reduction associated with increased 25(OH)D levels. The medical records of 118 individuals (53 men; mean age, 54.4 ± 10.6 years) whose serum 25(OH)D levels increased between two consecutive measurements were retrospectively reviewed. People with increased 25(OH)D levels (from 22.7 (17.6–29.2) to 32.1 (25.6–36.8) mg/dL; P < 0.01) had a significant reduction in serum levels of triglycerides (TG) (from 111.0 (80–164) to 104.5 (73–142) mg/dL; P < 0.01) and total cholesterol (TC) (from 187.5 (155–213) to 181.0 (150–210) mg/dL; P < 0.05). The individuals who responded to vitamin D (≥10% reduction in TG or TC levels) exhibited significantly higher baseline TG and TC levels than did those who did not. Only patients with hyperlipidemia (not those without hyperlipidemia) at baseline exhibited significantly reduced TG and TC levels at follow-up. However, increasing serum 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly correlated with decreasing lipid levels in individuals with baseline 25(OH)D levels less than 30 ng/mL, and in individuals aged 50–65 years (not in patients younger than 50 years or older than 65 years). In conclusion, increasing serum 25(OH)D concentrations may be potentially helpful for the treatment of hyperlipidemia in people with vitamin D deficiency.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D level regulates serum lipids discrepantly in adults with and without dyslipidemia

Cheng

Lee

Chien

et al. 2023

Endocrine Connections

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“…though recent large meta-analyses had opposite findings [1,11]. This positive effect on triglycerides may be explained by low Vitamin D [64], or a higher dietary intake of simple carbohydrates [61]. Conversely, without considering genetic differences, vegetarianism did not have significant effects on the cholesterol-derived sterol hormone testosterone, nor on the two calculated testosterone traits (bioavailable-T, and free-T), nor on the testosterone inhibitor SHBG; this was observed in the full and sex-stratified effects estimations, and is consistent with previous findings [65].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This adds to previous evidence that a vegetarian diet may actually raise triglycerides 54,55 , though recent large meta-analyses had opposite findings 1,8 . This positive effect on triglycerides may be explained by lower Vitamin D 56 , or higher dietary intake of simple carbohydrates 53 . Conversely, without considering genetic differences, we replicated previous findings 57 that vegetarianism does not have significant effects on the cholesterol-derived sterol hormone testosterone (total T, bioavailable-T, and free-T), nor on the testosterone inhibitor SHBG, in both full and sex-stratified models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene-vegetarianism interactions in calcium, testosterone, and eGFR identified in genome-wide analysis across 30 biomarkers

Francis

2022

Preprint

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Large cohort studies showing health impacts of vegetarianism have not considered differences in genetics. We designed a rigorous definition of vegetarianism using data from two surveys in the UK Biobank to identify a reliable cohort of vegetarians. Vegetarians were matched 1:4 with non-vegetarians, revealing significant effects of vegetarianism in 15 of 30 serum biomarkers. Notably, all cholesterol measures plus Vitamin D (P= 2.1e-49) were significantly lower in vegetarians, while triglycerides were higher (P= 4.0e-26). We performed a genome-wide association study and found no significant associations with vegetarianism as a trait. Finally, we performed the first ever genome-wide gene-vegetarianism interaction analyses for 30 biomarker traits (N = 147,253). We detected evidence of gene-vegetarianism interaction with one genome-wide significant variant at rs72952628 (P= 4.47e-08), where the heterozygous genotype was associated with higher calcium in vegetarians. rs72952628 is located inMMAA, which is part of the B12metabolism pathway; B12has a high deficiency potential in vegetarians. Gene-based aggregation of interactionP-values revealed two additional significant genes,RNF168in testosterone (P= 1.45e-06), andDOCK4in eGFR (P= 6.76e-07), which have previously been associated with testicular and renal traits, respectively. These nutrigenetic findings suggest differences in genotype may play a role in moderating the benefits a vegetarian diet.

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“…Subgroup results further indicated that individual dosages of vitamins were crucial for achieving better outcomes from co-exposure to multiple vitamins. The higher serum vitamin levels in individuals aged ≥ 60 years with diabetes may be due to their generally stronger health awareness and tendency to consume a diet rich in multiple vitamins and vitamin supplements ( 43 ) and the higher serum vitamin levels in non-Hispanic White people could be related to their higher cultural level, health consciousness, and more rational dietary habits ( 44 ). Additionally, it has also been reported that non-Hispanic Black people had a 15-20 times higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency than non-Hispanic White people because the melanin in their skin blocks the ultraviolet radiation required for vitamin D synthesis ( 45 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-exposure to multiple vitamins and the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes

Zhou,

Zhang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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ObjectiveAlthough the effect of vitamins on the risk of mortality in diabetic patients has been reported, most studies focus on individual vitamins. However, humans are often exposed to multiple vitamins simultaneously in daily life. Therefore, it is worth exploring the effects of co-exposure to multiple vitamins on the risk of mortality in diabetic patients.MethodsThis study included diabetic patients aged ≥20WD years who participated in NHANES from 2003 to 2006. An unsupervised K-means clustering method was used to cluster eight vitamins in serum into several patterns of co-exposure to multiple vitamins, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the impact of different patterns of co-exposure to multiple vitamins on the risk of all-cause mortality in diabetic patients.ResultsThree patterns of co-exposure to multiple vitamins were generated based on K-means clustering, namely, low-level, moderate-level, and high-level. Among the 484 diabetic patients, with a median follow-up of 13.7 years, a total of 211 deaths occurred. After adjusting for covariates, the individual vitamins had varying effects on the risk of all-cause mortality in diabetic patients. Compared to the low-level group of co-exposure to multiple vitamins, the high-level group significantly reduced the risk of all-cause mortality in diabetic patients, with a HR of 0.42 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.87). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that high levels of co-exposure to multiple vitamins significantly reduced the risk of all-cause mortality in males, individuals aged ≥ 60 years, and non-Hispanic White people with diabetes compared to the low-level group, with HR of 0.42 (95% CI: 0.18, 0.98), 0.53 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.98), and 0.26 (95% CI: 0.12, 0.58) respectively.ConclusionWhile individual vitamins had different effects on the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes, high-level co-exposure to multiple vitamins significantly reduced the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes, with differences observed among genders, ages, and race. This suggests that when developing vitamin intervention strategies for patients with diabetes, consideration should be given not only to the dosage of individual vitamins but also to the variations between different population groups.

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Sex and Age Differences Modulate Association of Vitamin D with Serum Triglyceride Levels

Cited by 4 publications

References 47 publications

Vitamin D level regulates serum lipids discrepantly in adults with and without dyslipidemia

Vitamin D level regulates serum lipids discrepantly in adults with and without dyslipidemia

Gene-vegetarianism interactions in calcium, testosterone, and eGFR identified in genome-wide analysis across 30 biomarkers

Co-exposure to multiple vitamins and the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes

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