Severity of Mastitis Symptoms as a Predictor of C-Reactive Protein in Milk and Blood During Lactation

Fetherston, Catherine; Wells, Jim I.; Hartmann, Peter

doi:10.1089/bfm.2006.1.127

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Maternal infections might influence CRP levels in breast milk, but data are sparse. Fetherston et al (2006) reported higher concentrations of CRP in the milk of mothers with mastitis versus those without mastitis and with infective (i.e., bacterial) versus noninfective mastitis. Results also indicated transfer of systemic CRP into breast milk, since milk from the infected and uninfected breasts of the same woman showed no difference in CRP content.…”

Section: Adiponectinmentioning

confidence: 96%

Mount Pinatubo, Inflammatory Cytokines, and the Immunological Ecology of Aeta Hunter-Gatherers

Bernstein

Dominy

2013

Human Biology

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Early growth cessation and reproduction are predicted to maximize fitness under conditions of high adult mortality, factors that could explain the pygmy phenotype of many rainforest hunter-gatherers. This lifehistory hypothesis is elegant but contentious in part because it lacks a clear biological mechanism. One mechanism stems from the field of human immunological ecology and the concept of inflammation "memory" across the life cycle and into subsequent generations. Maternal exposures to disease can infl uence immunological cues present in breast milk; because maternal provisioning via lactation occurs during critical periods of development, it is plausible that these cues can also mediate early growth cessation and small body size. Such epigenetic hypotheses are difficult to test, but the concept of developmental programming is attractive because it could explain how the stature of a population can change over time, in terms of both secular increases and rapid intergenerational decreases. Here we explore this concept by focusing on the Aeta, a population of former hunter-gatherers, and the Ilocano, a population of rice farmers. We predicted that Aeta mothers would produce breast milk with higher concentrations of four bioactive factors due to high infectious burdens. Further, we predicted that the concentrations of these factors would be highest in the cohort of women born in the early 1990s, when exposure to infectious disease was acute following the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in June 1991. We analyzed levels of adiponectin, C-reactive protein, and epidermal growth factor in the milk of 24 Aeta and 31 Ilocano women and found no detectable differences, whereas levels of transforming growth factor-β 2 were elevated among the Aeta, particularly as a function of maternal age. We found no difference between cohorts divided by the volcanic eruption (n = 43 born before, n = 12 born after). We discuss the implications of our findings for the terminal investment hypothesis and we suggest that the historical ecology of the Aeta is a promising model system for testing epigenetic hypotheses focused on the evolution of small body size. Abstract Early growth cessation and reproduction are predicted to maximize fitness under conditions of high adult mortality, factors that could explain the pygmy phenotype of many rainforest hunter-gatherers. This life-history hypothesis is elegant but contentious in part because it lacks a clear biological mechanism. One mechanism stems from the field of human immunological ecology and the concept of inflammation "memory" across the life cycle and into subsequent generations. Maternal exposures to disease can infl uence immunological cues present in breast milk; because maternal provisioning via lactation occurs during critical periods of development, it is plausible that these cues can also mediate early growth cessation and small body size. Such epigenetic hypotheses are difficult to test, but the concept of developmental programming is attractive because it could explain how the...

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Section: Adiponectinmentioning

confidence: 96%

Mount Pinatubo, Inflammatory Cytokines, and the Immunological Ecology of Aeta Hunter-Gatherers

Bernstein

Dominy

2013

Human Biology

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“…Based on the literature, 28,29 we expected breastmilk CRP and IL-6 to be low relative to serum. Thus, assays were chosen based on sensitivity and performance in validation experiments using skimmed milk as the test matrix (spike recovery and linearity 80-100% of expected values).…”

Section: Breast Milk Collection and Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Maternal Weight Status Before, During, and After Pregnancy with Inflammatory Markers in Breast Milk

Whitaker¹,

Marino²,

Haapala³

et al. 2018

Obesity

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Objective-To examine the associations of maternal weight status before, during, and after pregnancy with breast milk C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6), two bioactive markers of inflammation, measured at one and three months postpartum.Methods-Participants were 134 exclusively breastfeeding mother-infant dyads taking part in the Mothers and Infants LinKed for Health (MILK) study, who provided breast milk samples. Prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) were assessed by chart abstraction; postpartum weight loss was measured at the one and three month study visits. Linear regression was used to examine the associations of maternal weight status with repeated measures of breast milk CRP and IL-6 at one and three months, after adjustment for potential confounders.Users may view, print, copy, and download text and data-mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use:http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms Contact Information for Corresponding Author: Ellen W. Demerath, 1300 S 2 nd Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454, ewd@umn.edu, Telephone: 612-624-8231. Disclosures:No other conflicts of interest were reported.Author Contributions: DAF and EWD conceived the project and were responsible for data collection. KMW ran the statistical analyses and wrote the manuscript. LF and KDS assisted with data collection. AMT conducted all breast milk assays. JLH was responsible for data management. DRJ and EWD assisted with statistical analyses. RM completed the literature review. All authors critically reviewed the manuscript and had final approval of the submitted and published versions. HHS Public AccessAuthor manuscript Obesity (Silver Spring). Author manuscript; available in PMC 2018 April 06. Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author ManuscriptResults-Pre-pregnancy BMI and excessive GWG, but not total GWG or postpartum weight loss, were independently associated with breast milk CRP after adjustment (β=0.49, p<0.001 and β=0.51, p=0.011, respectively). No associations were observed for IL-6.Conclusions-High pre-pregnancy BMI and excessive GWG are associated with elevated levels of breast milk CRP. The consequences of infants receiving varying concentrations of breast milk inflammatory markers are unknown; however, we speculate that there are implications for the intergenerational transmission of disease risk.

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“…CRP is an important acute phase protein in humans [37] , dogs [38,39] , horses [40] and pigs [41] . Since peripheral CRP level changes minimally in cows during inflammation [42] it is not generally considered an acute phase protein for cows [42,43] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endometritisli İneklerde Serum C-Reaktif Protein ve Doğal Antikor Düzeylerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Kaya¹,

Kaçar²,

Öğün³

et al. 2016

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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The aim of this study is to assess serum natural antibody (NAb) bindings keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) titer and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, two of the most important elements of the natural defense system in the uterus. The study was conducted on 77 Brown Swiss cows (3-7 years of age) with body condition scores (BCS) of 2.6±0.1. The diagnosis of endometritis in cows on day 30-32 postpartum was made by rectal examination, vaginoscopy, ultrasonography and cytobrush technique. Blood samples were collected immediately after the examinations to measure serum NAb titer and CRP concentrations. NAb binding KLH titers were determined using the indirect ELISA method and the CRP level by using the bovine CRP ELISA kit. Mean NAb titers were 5.36±0. 16, 7.43±0.15, 8.55±0.19 and 9.64±0.27 respectively in healthy cows (Control, n = 29), cows with mild endometritis (ME, n = 21), cows with moderate endometritis (E, n = 17) and cows with severe endometritis (SE, n = 10). Mean serum CRP concentrations were 48.88±3.92 µg/mL, 82.86±4.28 µg/mL, 98.86±8.2 µg/ mL and 122.34±12.72 µg/mL respectively in groups control, ME, E and SE. NAb binding KLH titer and CRP levels increased significantly in cows with endometritis (P<0.001). BCS did not change serum NAb titer and CRP level (P>0.05). Parity did not cause a significant difference in serum NAb titer and CRP levels (P>0.05), but serum NAb level were higher in multiparous cows with ME (P<0.05). In conclusion, it is thought that serum NAb titer and CRP level can be used effectively as an indicator to determine uterus infections. Keywords: Cow, Endometritis, NAb, CRP Endometritisli İneklerde Serum C-Reaktif Protein ve Doğal Antikor Düzeylerinin Değerlendirilmesi ÖzetSunulan çalışmada uterusun doğal savunma sisteminin en önemli bileşenlerinden olan keyhole limpet hemosiyanine (KLH) serum doğal antikor (NAb) titresi ve C-reaktif protein (CRP) düzeyinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma 3-7 yaşlı, ortalama vücut kondisyon skoru (BCS) 2.6±0.1 olan 77 İsviçre Esmeri inekte yapıldı. Postpartum 30-32. günlerde bulunan ineklerde endometritis teşhisi; rektal, vaginoskopik, ultrasonografik muayene yöntemleri ve cytobrush tekniğiyle yapıldı. Muayenelerden hemen sonra KLH bağlı NAb titresi ve CRP konsantrasyonlarının belirlenmesi için kan örnekleri alındı. Serum NAb titresi indirekt ELISA yöntemiyle, CRP düzeyi ise bovine CRP ELISA kiti kullanılarak belirlendi. Serum NAb titresi sağlıklı (Kontrol, n = 29), hafif endometritis (ME, n = 21), orta derecede endometritis (E, n = 17) ve şiddetli endometritisli (SE, n=10) ineklerde sırasıyla ortalama 5. 36±0.16, 7.43±0.15, 8.55±0.19

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Severity of Mastitis Symptoms as a Predictor of C-Reactive Protein in Milk and Blood During Lactation

Cited by 21 publications

References 10 publications

Mount Pinatubo, Inflammatory Cytokines, and the Immunological Ecology of Aeta Hunter-Gatherers

Mount Pinatubo, Inflammatory Cytokines, and the Immunological Ecology of Aeta Hunter-Gatherers

Associations of Maternal Weight Status Before, During, and After Pregnancy with Inflammatory Markers in Breast Milk

Endometritisli İneklerde Serum C-Reaktif Protein ve Doğal Antikor Düzeylerinin Değerlendirilmesi

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