Setting, patient, and doctor effects on drug response in neurotic patients

Predictors of chlordiazepoxide response in anxiety

“…However, their frequently more critical orientation toward treatment and frequently more insightful view of their illness and higher discriminating ability are important factors in limiting their placebo response. 3 The similar pattern of response to drug and to placebo reflected in the zero-order correlations between educational level and improvement described above (p < 0.10), as well as our 7 previously cited findings concerning treatment response and verbal ability can probably be accounted for in terms of the same set of attendant influences which apply to the race regressor.…”

Placebo-psychotherapy combinations: Inappropriate representations of psychotherapy in drug-psychotherapy comparative trials.

“…In the comparative literature up through 1979, we found a total of 24 studies (72 comparisons) that involved both drugs and psychotherapy in various combinations. Eighteen of these studies, including 56 specific comparisons, used placebo-plus-psychotherapy combinations (Cell 4) as representative of psychotherapy (Covi, Lipman, Derogatis, Smith, & Pattison, 1974;Cow-den, Zax, & Sproles, 1955;Daneman, 1961;Evangelakis, 1961;Friedman, 1975;Gibbs, Wilkins, & Lauterbach, 1957;Grinspoon, Ewalt, & Shader, 1968;Hesbacher et al, 1970;Hogarty et al, 1973;Lipsedge et al, 1973;Paul, Tobias, & Holly, 1972;Podobnikar, 1971;Rickels et al, 1966;Shader, Grinspoon, Ewalt, & Zahn, 1969;Solyom et al, 1973;Zitrin et al, 1976;Zitrin, Klein, & Woerner, 1980;Gittleman-Klein et al, Note 2). Seven studies, including 16 comparisons, used psychotherapy alone (Cell 7); Brill, Koegler, Epstein, & Forgy, 1964;Gorham, Pokorny, & Moseley, 1964;Karon & Vandenbos, 1970;May & Tuma, 1964;Rush, Beck, Kovacs, & Hollon, 1977;Weissman etal., 1979: Hollon, Bedrosian, & Beck, Note 3).…”