Setting on demand for digital concrete – Principles, measurements, chemistry, validation

Reiter, Lex; Wangler, Timothy; Anton, Ana; Flatt, Robert J.

doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106047

Cited by 135 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Since there are review articles on 3DCP focusing on material behaviour at the early age [14,37], to avoid reiteration, we provide detailed discussions on the latest progress only. The material behaviour/requirement at early age can be categorized into (i) before deposition, which involves the transporting of the fresh concrete to the print head, and (ii) after deposition, which includes the structural build-up and strength gain in the deposited concrete.…”

Section: Materials Behaviour At Early Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Extrusion-based concrete 3D printing from a material perspective: A state-of-the-art review

Mohan

Rahul

Schutter

et al. 2021

Cement and Concrete Composites

197

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Section: Materials Behaviour At Early Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Extrusion-based concrete 3D printing from a material perspective: A state-of-the-art review

Mohan

Rahul

Schutter

et al. 2021

Cement and Concrete Composites

197

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“…To achieve a desired setting on demand (Reiter et al 2020), VMA modified matrices were also combined with retarders or accelerator to enhance processing and setting time, respectively. CaCl 2 was applied to accelerate significantly the setting of a VMA modified mortar by compromising only slightly its printability (Kazemian et al 2017).…”

Section: Polymeric Admixtures In 3d Printable Cementitious Matricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of nano- and micro-sized additives on 3D printable cementitious and alkali-activated composites: a review

et al. 2021

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Additive manufacturing (AM), also referred as 3D printing, is a technology that enables building automated three-dimensional objects in a layer-by-layer manner. AM of cement-based and alkali-activated composites has gathered attention over the last decade and is one of the most rapidly developing civil engineering fields. Development of proper mixture compositions which are suitable in fresh and hardened state is one of the key challenges of AM technology in construction. As the behaviour of cement-based materials (CBM) and alkali-activated materials (AAM) is determined by chemical and physical processes at the nano-level, incorporation of nano- and micro-sized admixtures has great influence on the performance of printable composites. These modifications are attributed to the unique reactivity of nanoparticles associated with their small size and large surface area. This review paper summarizes recent developments in the application of nano- and micro-particles on 3D printable cementitious composites and how they influence the performance of 3D-printed construction materials. The research progress on nano-engineered CBM and AAM is reviewed from the view of fresh and hardened properties. Moreover, comparison between nano- and micro-sized admixtures including nanosilica, graphene-based materials, and clay nanoparticles as well as chemical admixtures such as viscosity-modifying admixtures and superplasticizers is presented. Finally, the existing problems in current research and future perspectives are summarized. This review provides useful recommendations toward the significant influence of nano- and micro-sized admixtures on the performance of 3D printable CBMs.

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“…This model is based on the evolution of the rheological parameters with time and self-weight of concrete and accounts for the plastic failure of concrete. Reiter et al [ 108 ] reported that in order to avoid failure due to self-weight, the strength of fresh concrete should evolve linearly with time, whereas to avoid buckling failure, the strength of concrete should evolve with the third power after extrusion. Rieter et al proposed controlled structuration of concrete by the combined use of retarders and accelerators to achieve maximized buildability for concrete.…”

Section: Printing Process Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Concrete Printing: A Systematic Review of Rheology, Mix Designs, Mechanical, Microstructural, and Durability Characteristics

Rehman

Kim

2021

Materials

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This paper provides a state-of-the-art report on the up-to-date research on the emerging 3D concrete printing technology from the concrete materials perspective. It reviews the recent research focused on understanding and characterizing the rheological necessities of the concrete printing process and discusses how the researchers are tailoring compatible mix proportions for the 3D concrete printing process by using eco-friendly binders, waste aggregates, chemical admixtures, and nano-additives. This paper systematically evaluates anisotropic behavior in the mechanical properties of printed concrete and establishes an order for anisotropic behavior in the compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths along three different axes (X, Y, and Z axes) of printed concrete. It evaluates the ratio of flexural strength to the compressive strength of printed concrete along the above three axes. This article explains the influence of variation of printing process parameters on the mechanical properties and discusses reinforcement approaches used for increasing structural performance. The microstructure at the interface of adjacent layers and also at the interface of the reinforcement-cement matrix is discussed. The recent research on the durability performance of printed concrete is critically discussed and future research needs for 3D concrete printing are identified in this paper.

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Setting on demand for digital concrete – Principles, measurements, chemistry, validation

Cited by 135 publications

References 55 publications

Extrusion-based concrete 3D printing from a material perspective: A state-of-the-art review

Extrusion-based concrete 3D printing from a material perspective: A state-of-the-art review

The effects of nano- and micro-sized additives on 3D printable cementitious and alkali-activated composites: a review

3D Concrete Printing: A Systematic Review of Rheology, Mix Designs, Mechanical, Microstructural, and Durability Characteristics

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