Service restoration on distribution systems using Multi‐MicroGrids

Abstract

SUMMARYLarge scale integration of distributed generation of both medium and low voltage (LV) networks can be achieved by exploiting the Multi-MicroGrid (MMG) concept, a new distribution system architecture comprising a hierarchical control system, which allows the coordination among distributed generation units and MicroGrids (MGs) and therefore the operation of such a system in islanded mode. After a general blackout the MMG capabilities can also be used to provide service restoration in distribution systems. A new procedure for MMGs black start is then addressed in this paper. A sequence of control actions is defined and evaluated through numerical simulations. Fully automation of the entire MMG black start procedure is discussed along the paper. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed sequence of control actions and highlight some accomplishments that should be considered in order to successfully restore the MMG service, ensuring system stability and power quality.

A Decentralized Multi-Agent-Based Approach for Low Voltage Microgrid Restoration

“…Such dynamic studies for MG restoration with the centralized approach are widely used in the literature. In [22], the restoration of the distribution system is investigated in the presence of multi-MGCC. Similar to [8], it is supposed that the sequence of the restoration actions is determined by the centralized control system.…”

Distributed energy management for interconnected operation of combined heat and power-based microgrids with demand response

“…With the development of MGs, a new concept of interconnected microgrids system (IMS) (or microgrid cluster) is introduced which considers several MGs exchanging energy with each other even when the MGs are isolated from the utility grid. By constituting the IMS, it is more flexible to ensure the full utilization of renewable energy sources (RESs), reduce the operation cost, and achieve high power supply reliability [2][3][4]. From the viewpoint of Transactive Energy, the MGs can be seen as prosumers with both attributes of sellers and buyers.…”

Black Start Strategy for PV-ESS Multi-Microgrids with Three-Phase/Single-Phase Architecture

“…Similarly, the black-start process of MMGs can be separated into three stages: selection of the main power supply, network reconfiguration and power supplies and load restoration stage. To complete the black start of the MMGs smoothly, more attention should be given to the coordination between MGs, considering the different power supply characteristics and load characteristics in different MGs [19,20]. In [19,20] parallel restoration strategies for MMGs' black start based on the hierarchical control method are presented, providing a certain reference value for MMGs black starts, but they only give qualitative restoration strategies.…”

“…To complete the black start of the MMGs smoothly, more attention should be given to the coordination between MGs, considering the different power supply characteristics and load characteristics in different MGs [19,20]. In [19,20] parallel restoration strategies for MMGs' black start based on the hierarchical control method are presented, providing a certain reference value for MMGs black starts, but they only give qualitative restoration strategies. Reference [15] proposed a new decentralized control scheme for managing a cluster of MGs through self-organization, decentralized scheduling and dispatch, which significantly enhances the reliability and power quality for critical loads, providing an idea of stand-alone state control in MMGs during black start procedures.…”

“…The conventional strategies described in [15,19,20] always adopt parallel restoration schemes, giving only black-start restoration sequences of actions with qualitative restoration strategies. Unlike the conventional strategies, a quantitative strategy for MMGs black start is adopted in this paper.…”