“…To date, the service ecosystem metaphor has been used to investigate the distinguishing dynamics of various service domains, including: health care (Beirão et al, 2017;Palumbo et al, 2017), culture (Minkiewicz et al, 2016), social media (Kim, 2016), sport (Tsiotsou, 2016), and recycling services (Mastrogiacomo et al, 2016). The ecosystem idea is especially fitting to explain the peculiarities of education services, which are characterised by strong interdependencies between different actors (such as students, families, teachers, service staff, public/private schools, universities, trade unions, local and national institutions) who deeply interact to enact value co-creation (Davis and Ostrom, 1991;Redding, 1991;Brandsen et al, 2014).…”