Serum interleukin-6 and thyroid hormones in rheumatoid arthritis

Wellby, M.L.; Kennedy, Jennifer A.; Pile, Kevin D.; True, Barbara; Barreau, P.

doi:10.1053/meta.2001.21034

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…We observed a 3.7-fold upregulation of hepcidin mRNA expression by 0.2 ng/ml IL-1␤; this concentration seems to be consistent with the serum concentration seen in rheumatoid arthritis [45]. IL-6 stimulated hepcidin expression in the present study and previous reports [17,22], but the concentration of IL-6 required to induce maximal hepcidin expression was presumably higher than those observed in physiological conditions [46]. It must be emphasized, therefore, that IL-1␤ may be a key regulator in ACD, probably more so than IL-6.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Although in ACD the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in the extracellular fluid derived from liver are unclear, the physiological concentrations of cytokines in human seem to be quite low: serum IL-1␤ concentration was reported to be 44.7 ± 4.4 pg/ml (mean ± S.E.M.) in healthy controls and 98.2 ± 7.9 pg/ml even in rheumatoid arthritis [45], and serum IL-6 in patients of rheumatoid arthritis was 37.5 ± 12.5 pg/ml [46]. We observed a 3.7-fold upregulation of hepcidin mRNA expression by 0.2 ng/ml IL-1␤; this concentration seems to be consistent with the serum concentration seen in rheumatoid arthritis [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upregulation of hepcidin by interleukin-1β in human hepatoma cell lines

Inamura¹,

Ikuta²,

Jimbo³

et al. 2005

Hepatology Research

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Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) is commonly observed in chronic inflammation, although its pathogenesis is poorly understood. Hepcidin is thought to be a key regulator in iron metabolism and has been implicated in ACD. Although the induction of hepcidin by an inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) seems to have been confirmed, it is still controversial whether interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), also known as an inflammatory cytokine, regulates hepcidin expression. We demonstrated that hepcidin mRNA was upregulated by IL-1beta in human hepatoma-derived HuH-7 cells, particularly at low concentrations of IL-1beta, while high concentrations of IL-6 were needed for the upregulation of hepcidin mRNA. Therefore, IL-1beta might be more important for the upregulation of hepcidin in physiological conditions than IL-6. Although IL-1beta induces IL-6 production in hepatocytes, our data indicate that the effect of IL-1beta on hepcidin expression is independent from that of IL-6. In conclusion, IL-1beta might have an important role in ACD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upregulation of hepcidin by interleukin-1β in human hepatoma cell lines

Inamura¹,

Ikuta²,

Jimbo³

et al. 2005

Hepatology Research

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“…199,200 Increased levels of free T4 and lower levels of free T3 have also been shown 201 although other studies were unable to confirm low T3 levels in patients with RA. 202 Association between MDD and RA An association between RA and depressive symptomatology has long been recognized in the clinical literature, 203 and more recent reports indicate an association between allergy, pollen counts and suicide. 204 The underlying mechanisms for these associations are not fully understood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain-immune interactions and disease susceptibility

2005

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Many studies have established the routes by which the immune and central nervous (CNS) systems communicate. This network of connections permits the CNS to regulate the immune system through both neuroendocrine and neuronal pathways. In turn, the immune system signals the CNS through neuronal and humoral routes, via immune mediators and cytokines. This regulatory system between the immune system and CNS plays an important role in susceptibility and resistance to autoimmune, inflammatory, infectious and allergic diseases. This review focuses on the regulation of the immune system via the neuroendocrine system, and underlines the link between neuroendocrine dysregulation and development of major depressive disorders, autoimmune diseases and osteoporosis.

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“…For instance, it was only recently shown that IL-6 was elevated without concomitant tryptase in suction skin blister fluid (48) and serum (7) of systemic mastocytosis patients, especially those with bone involvement (7). Serum IL-6 levels are increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (49,50), especially those with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (51,52). Moreover, IL-6 is required for the development of Ag-and collagen-induced arthritis (53)(54)(55).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IL-1 Induces Vesicular Secretion of IL-6 without Degranulation from Human Mast Cells

Kandere‐Grzybowska

Létourneau

Kempuraj

et al. 2003

The Journal of Immunology

205

144

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FcεRI cross-linkage in mast cells results in release of granule-associated mediators, such as histamine and proteases, as well as the production of numerous cytokines, including IL-6. Mast cells have been increasingly implicated in inflammatory processes where explosive degranulation is not commonly observed. Here, we show that IL-1 stimulates secretion of IL-6 without release of the granule-associated protease tryptase in normal human umbilical cord blood-derived mast cells (hCBMCs). IL-6 secretion stimulated by IL-1 in hCBMCs is potentiated by priming with IL-4 and reflects the higher levels of IL-6 secreted from human leukemic mast cell line (HMC-1). Stimulating HMC-1 cells by both IL-1 and TNF-α results in synergistic secretion of IL-6. IL-6 is de novo synthesized, as its secretion is blocked by inhibitors of transcription or protein synthesis. IL-1 does not increase intracellular calcium ion levels in either hCBMCs or HMC-1 cells, and IL-6 stimulation proceeds in the absence of extracellular calcium ions. Ultrastructural Immunogold localization shows that IL-6 is excluded from the secretory granules and is compartmentalized in 40- to 80-nm vesicular structures. Selective secretion of IL-6 from mast cells appears distinct from degranulation and may contribute to the development of inflammation, where the importance of IL-6 has been recognized.

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Serum interleukin-6 and thyroid hormones in rheumatoid arthritis

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Upregulation of hepcidin by interleukin-1β in human hepatoma cell lines

Upregulation of hepcidin by interleukin-1β in human hepatoma cell lines

Brain-immune interactions and disease susceptibility

IL-1 Induces Vesicular Secretion of IL-6 without Degranulation from Human Mast Cells

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