2005
DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001643
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Brain-immune interactions and disease susceptibility

Abstract: Many studies have established the routes by which the immune and central nervous (CNS) systems communicate. This network of connections permits the CNS to regulate the immune system through both neuroendocrine and neuronal pathways. In turn, the immune system signals the CNS through neuronal and humoral routes, via immune mediators and cytokines. This regulatory system between the immune system and CNS plays an important role in susceptibility and resistance to autoimmune, inflammatory, infectious and allergic… Show more

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Cited by 116 publications
(100 citation statements)
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References 215 publications
(187 reference statements)
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“…It is noted that there are several blood cell types with their own features in the peripheral blood vessel. The figure is an extension of Figure 1 in Marques-Deak et al [23] . BSCB: Blood-spinal cord barrier; CNS: Central nervous system; BBB: Blood-brain barrier.…”
Section: General Description Of the Included Studiesmentioning
confidence: 92%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…It is noted that there are several blood cell types with their own features in the peripheral blood vessel. The figure is an extension of Figure 1 in Marques-Deak et al [23] . BSCB: Blood-spinal cord barrier; CNS: Central nervous system; BBB: Blood-brain barrier.…”
Section: General Description Of the Included Studiesmentioning
confidence: 92%
“…Finally, there are data that suggest changes in gene expression [13,14] , epigenetic patterns [15] , proteo mic/metabolic markers [1618] and functional cellular pathways [16,1921] are present in both the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) tissue. More recently our concepts about the interactions between the brain and periphery have been expanded with data suggesting that the CNS may influence gene expression and metabolism in the peripheral blood via cytokines, neurotransmitters, or hormones [22,23] , while immunerelated alterations in the CNS may in turn originate from peripheral blood [10,24] ( Figure 1).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Also intriguing is the known sexually dimorphic prevalence of both cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases. In both pathologies, the etiology or the manifestations are linked to sympathetic responses (Palatini, 2001;Marques-Deak et al, 2005;Straub, 2007) . Thus, the clinical significance of the observed sexual dimorphism in response to adrenoceptor stimulation should be further addressed in the context of these pathologies.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Inflammatory cytokines are known to be a strong inducer of osteoclastogenesis. The activity and level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), are also increased in depression [21] . Moreover, as potent stimulators of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, these inflammatory mediators might contribute to hypercortisolism in depression [22] .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%