Serum interferon-gamma and interleukins-6 and -8 during infection with Fasciola gigantica in cattle and buffaloes

Interleukin-2 and interleukin-10 gene expression in calves experimentally infected with Fasciola gigantica

“…The results show that the T cell response of the bovine calves with a primary infection of F. gigantica was apparently Th2 type, as indicated by the expression of IL-10 gene (Th2 cytokine) at 10, 30 and 75 days PI. A similar type of immune response was observed by Molina (2005) during an early experimental infection in cattle and buffaloes with F. gigantica, shown by the expression of high amount of IL-6 but absence of IFN-γ. Waldvogel et al (2004) observed production of Th2 cytokine IL-4 but absence of IFN-γ in F. hepatica infected cattle during the early phase of infection but during its chronic phase non-polarized Th0 response was observed, wherein IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ were produced.…”

“…In our previous study on F. gigantica infected bovine calves no IFN-γ production was observed at 10th and 30th days PI but at 75th day PI some of the infected calves showed expression of IFN γ, suggesting a shift to Th0 immune response during the chronic phase of infection (Ingale et al, 2008). Increased serum levels of IL-4, IL-6 or IL-8, IL-10 cytokines have been observed in cattle, buffaloes, sheep and human infected with F. gigantica or F. hepatica (Khalil et al, 1999;Molina, 2005;Zhang et al, 2006). Flynn and Mulcahy, (2008) suggested roles of IL-10 and transformation growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in controlling IL-4 and IFN-γ production during experimental F. hepatica infection in cattle leading to the suppression of IFN-γ production, which may mediate the parasite survival.…”

“…Studies in cattle and buffaloes have demonstrated that T cell response is polarized towards the Th2 bias in F. hepatica and F. gigantica infection (Mulcahy and Dalton, 2001;Waldvogel et al, 2004;Ingale et al 2008). The F. gigantica infection in cattle and buffaloes also indicated suppression of Th1 response, with the suppression of IFN-γ production and upregulation of IL-6, IL-8 cytokines in these animals (Molina, 2005). However, some contrasting observations have been reported which indicates that a Th0 immune response occurs during the early phase of infection, with concurrent expression of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-4 (Mulcahy and Dalton, 2001;Hoyle and Taylor, 2003).…”

“…Description of T helper cell response during fasciolosis is mainly limited to Fasciola hepatica infection. Generally, helminth infections are manifested by suppression of the Th1 function and induction of T cells, expressing cytokines characteristic of Th2 subset (Clery et al, 1996;Molina, 2005). Studies in cattle and buffaloes have demonstrated that T cell response is polarized towards the Th2 bias in F. hepatica and F. gigantica infection (Mulcahy and Dalton, 2001;Waldvogel et al, 2004;Ingale et al 2008).…”

Effect ofFasciola giganticaexcretory secretory antigen on rat hematological indices

“…It is not known whether the parasite is hematophagus or a tissue dweller or whether the anemia is induced by the metabolites discharged by the parasite in situ or to severe damage to the liver parenchyma and consequent hemorrhage. Levels of the interleukins, IL-6 and IL-8, have been reported to be elevated in the sera of cattle and buffaloes infected with Fasciola gigantica [9], and the roles of the toxic substances emanating from fluke [1,7] have been speculated upon. The infusion of proline, an amino acid released in large quantities by Fasciola hepatica , has been reported to cause a form of anemia resembling that of fasciolosis [5].…”