Serum human growth hormone (HGH) response to IV glucose: Diagnosis of acromegaly in females and males

Boden, Günther; Soeldner, J S; Steinke, Jürgen; Thorn, George W.

doi:10.1016/s0026-0495(68)80002-2

Cited by 44 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The responses in the diabetics were less consistent, showed a wider range in amplitude and varied more from one infusion to the other when compared to normals. This is consistent with the observation Of Burday et al 28 Lundbaek et al found the twentyfour hour GH secretion in juvenile diabetics "wildly fluctuating." 25 In the normals, some interrelationships among fasting BG levels, GH baseline levels and GH responses to repeated stimulations as well as between GH secretion and FFA levels were found.…”

Section: ±62supporting

confidence: 92%

Human Growth Hormone Secretion after Double Stimulation with Arginine in Normal and Insulin-dependent Diabetic Women

et al. 1973

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The standard intravenous arginine test was modified by infusing two equal doses of arginine eighty minutes apart. The serum growth hormone, blood glucose and plasma free fatty acid responses were studied in fifteen young juvenileonset diabetic women and in seven healthy women of comparable age and weight. The biphasic growth hormone response to the two arginine infusions observed in normals did not occur in the diabetics. In addition, the diabetics differed from the normals in several qualitative aspects of growth hormone secretion. A derangement in the diabetic is postulated with impaired sensitivity or defective mechanism of growth hormone secretion. Diabetics with chronically elevated blood glucose levels had a blunted growth hormone response to arginine. In five patients with diabetic retinopathy, growth hormone response was somewhat blunted, probably due to higher blood glucose levels, as compared with findings in five patients without this complication. DIABETES 22:694-705, September, 1973.

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Section: ±62supporting

confidence: 92%

Human Growth Hormone Secretion after Double Stimulation with Arginine in Normal and Insulin-dependent Diabetic Women

et al. 1973

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“…23 The timing of the release of growth hormone induced by intravenous amino acids (maximal levels usually occur at sixty to 120 minutes) alone eliminates this as a factor operative in the causation of the synergistic effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effect of Essential Amino Acids and Glucose upon Insulin Secretion in Man

Floyd¹,

Fajans²,

Pek

et al. 1970

Diabetes

130

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Arginine, leucine, or histidine, and glucose were each administered intravenously, in 30-gm. amounts on separate occasions to the same healthy subjects. Each of the amino acids and glucose in these same amounts were administered also as mixtures. Synergism in the stimulation of the release of insulin was demonstrated when the sum of the increases in plasma insulin which resulted from the separate administrations of an amino acid and glucose was exceeded by that obtained when they were administered as a mixture. A synergistic effect was exerted by each of the three amino acid-glucose combinations; it was greatest with arginine and glucose and least with histidine and glucose. Synergism probably results from the effects of these stimuli upon the pancreatic beta cell; it is not dependent upon humoral gastrointestinal factors released after the ingestion of these nutrients. DIABETES 19: 109-15, February, 1970. We have reported that the intravenous administration of individual amino acids, as well as of mixtures of amino acids, induces the release of insulin. 2 " 5 In the course of these studies it was demonstrated that the elevations in blood glucose observed during the infusion of some amino acids cannot be the major cause of the insulin release, which was observed. Although there was not a good correlation between increases in blood glucose and increases in plasma insulin, some of the infusions of individual amino acids and mixtures of amino acids which were accompanied by the larger and more consistent increases in blood glucose were also the more potent in stimulating the release of insulin. This suggested that the insulin-releasing effect of certain amino acids might be potentiated by the concomitant elevations of blood glucose.The present studies were undertaken to determine if certain amino acids might act synergistically with glucose to effect the release of insulin. Three essential amino acids (arginine, leucine, and histidine) and glucose were each administered intravenously in 30-gm. amounts on separate occasions to the same healthy subjects. Glucose and each of the amino acids in the same amounts were • administered also as mixtures. The results demonstrate that a synergistic effect upon the release of insulin is exerted by arginine and glucose, leucine and glucose; and histidine and glucose. 1 The effect was greatest with glucose and arginine and least with glucose and histidine. The synergistic effect appears to result from an action of these stimuli upon the pancreatic beta cell and is not dependent upon humoral, gastrointestinal or other known factors released after the ingestion of these nutrients. MATERIAL AND METHODSEight healthy, nonobese* males, aged twenty to twenty-nine (mean 23.5) years, served as subjects. These active subjects maintained their habitual ad libitum food intake but took no food during the nine hours before they were given the infusions.L-arginine, 1-leucine, 1-histidine, and d-glucose were infused individually in 30-gm. amounts over periods of thirty minutes. Thirty grams of...

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“…Inhibition of GH responsiveness to insulin-induced hypoglycemia after a 2 h infusion of GH has been reported in the monkey by Sakuma and Knobil [1970], Reports in man appear to demonstrate similar feedback mechanisms. Abrams et al [1971] prevented hypoglycemia-induced elevations in GH in healthy men; others have reported that arginine infusion will not elevate GH levels above that achieved with an initial infusion [Boden et al, 1968]. Rises in growth hormone levels induced either by a provoc ative stimulus or by infusing HGH at a constant rate dampened or prevented the expected hypothalamic-pituitary response to the known provocative stimuli of exercise, arginine administration, or insulin-indu ced hypoglycemia [Hagen et al, 1972], The basic nature of the GH autofeedback mechanism remains obscure and the above studies do not answer the question of whether the observed effects were due to GH itself or to some metabolic consequence of the hormone.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nervous Control of Growth Hormone Secretion

Müller¹

1973

Neuroendocrinology

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The data reported provide evidenceto support the concept of a neural regulation of growth hormone (GH) secretion in mammals. Electrolytic lesions in discrete hypothalamic areas result in a reduction of pituitary and plasma radioimmunoassayable (RIA) GH levels and stunting of growth in animals, or impair the acute GH re-sponse to the stimulus of insulin hypoglycemia. Conversely, increases in plasma GH are present after electrical stimulation of brain areas. Hypothalamic regulation of GH secretion would seem to be exerted through a neurohormone designated GH-releasing hormone (GH-RH), which has been characterized by a bioassay system. GH-RH has been purified, isolated, and synthesized and appears to be a straight-chain acidic decapeptide; however, the lack of effect of GH-RH on the release of RIA-GH, either in vitro or in vivo, introduces some elements of uncertainty and the problem is further compounded by contradictions between bioassay and RIA data in the rat. Proof has recently been afforded for the existence of an inhibitory hypothalamic factor (GIF), the physiological significance of which in the control of GH secretion remains to be established. GH-RH decreases in the hypothalamus and increases in the plasma in situations where GH release is enhanced, thus stressing the importance of the neurohormonal mechanism. Pharmacological studies in animals and in humans support the concept that the adrenergic system plays a significant role in the neurohormonal control of GH secretion. Serum GH is acutely increased in humans, following ingestion of L-dopa, an aminoacid precursor of dopamine; conversely, chlorpromazine, an antiadrenergic drug, is effective in depressing GH levels. A pattern of intermittent bursts of GH secretion is present in humans during the time of deeper sleep, apparently independent of alterations in brain catecholamine turnover. Finally, like other anterior pituitary hormones, GH appears to feed back on itself to decrease its own secretion.

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Serum human growth hormone (HGH) response to IV glucose: Diagnosis of acromegaly in females and males

Cited by 44 publications

References 13 publications

Human Growth Hormone Secretion after Double Stimulation with Arginine in Normal and Insulin-dependent Diabetic Women

Human Growth Hormone Secretion after Double Stimulation with Arginine in Normal and Insulin-dependent Diabetic Women

Synergistic Effect of Essential Amino Acids and Glucose upon Insulin Secretion in Man

Nervous Control of Growth Hormone Secretion

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