Serum Cholinesterase Levels of Thai Chilli‐Farm Workers Exposed to Chemical Pesticides: Prevalence Estimates and Associated Factors

Kachaiyaphum, Prasit; Howteerakul, Nopporn; Sujirarat, Dusit; Siri, Sukhontha; Suwannapong, Nawarat

doi:10.1539/joh.q9003

Cited by 58 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, the clothing items do not fully protect farmers, especially when long sleeves are rolled up while mixing pesticides. Similar clothing was also worn by Greek and Thai farmers (Damalas et al, 2006;Kachaiyaphum et al, 2010). Denim pants and long-sleeve shirts are not recommended for pesticide application, because of their tendency to absorb and hold pesticide next to the body (Stone et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unsafe behaviors reported in literature include storing agricultural pesticides, contaminated clothing, and shoes inside the home (Curwin et al, 2002), storing pesticides near to food and household items (Kachaiyaphum et al, 2010), washing PPC along with family clothes in the same washing machine (Salvatore et al, 2008), and unsafe disposing of pesticide containers (Ibitayo, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, a significant number of Greek farmers (46%) did not use any protective equipment when spraying pesticides (Damalas et al, 2006). Further unsafe behaviors were also reported including storing agricultural pesticides, contaminated clothing, and shoes inside the home (Curwin, Sanderson, Reynolds, Hein, & Alavanja, 2002), storing pesticides in close proximity to food and household items (Kachaiyaphum, Howteerakul, Sujirarat, Siri, & Suwannapong, 2010), washing PPC along with family clothes in the same washing machine (Salvatore et al, 2008), and unsafe disposing of pesticide containers (Ibitayo, 2006). As noted above, these unsafe practices might stem from farmers" lack of knowledge and/or understanding of safe application of pesticides.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Pesticide Knowledge, Attitudes, and Clothing Practices of Turkish Farmers

Derafshi

Black

Agnew

2017

EMSD

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The purpose of this study was to assess Turkish farmers" knowledge, attitudes, and clothing practices during pesticide activities. Seventy male farmers from seven districts of the Aegean region of Turkey were interviewed. Farmers indicated a high level of knowledge of adverse health effects associated with pesticides. In contrast to their level of knowledge, over 50% of the farmers had the attitude that pesticides would not be harmful to them. The type of clothing most often worn further supported the farmers" attitudes: T-shirts or long-sleeve shirts, denim pants, leather shoes, or sandals, all of which provide little protection. Therefore, farmers" knowledge on the harmful effects of pesticides did not correlate with their clothing practices. Additionally, farmers" attitudes and clothing practices were inconsistent with each other. A weak but significant correlation between attitudes and clothing practices with a negative direction also supported this. Furthermore, participant farmers indicated bringing contaminated clothing inside the home and laundering contaminated work clothes with Environmental Management and Sustainable Development ISSN 2164-7682 2017 http://emsd.macrothink.org 150 regular family clothes, potentially exposing family members by take-home contamination. These findings suggest that the development of training programs to reduce pesticide exposure would benefit Turkish farmers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pesticide Knowledge, Attitudes, and Clothing Practices of Turkish Farmers

Derafshi

Black

Agnew

2017

EMSD

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“…17 Hasil analisis multivariat dalam penelitian Kachaiyaphum, et al menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara kebiasaan penggunaan pestisida yang sedang atau buruk dengan kadar SchE yang abnormal dibandingkan dengan kebiasaan yang baik, kebiasaan dalam hal ini adalah merokok ketika menyiapkan dan mengaplikasikan pestisida. 18 Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di lapangan diperoleh informasi bahwa alasan petani penyemprot yang merokok ketika menyemprot yaitu mereka tidak merasakan efek kesehatan yang negatif, mereka merasa sudah kebal dan kuat terhadap paparan asap rokok walaupun pada saat menyemprot. Setelah menyemprot mereka beristirahat untuk makan dan minum kemudian merokok kembali.…”

Section: Pembahasanunclassified

Perilaku Petani Penyemprot Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kadar Serum Cholinesterase

Susilowati

Suhartono

Widjanarko

et al. 2017

MKMI

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ABSTRAKPetani penyemprot merupakan salah satu populasi berisiko untuk mengalami keracunan pestisida akibat dari aktivitas pertanian yang sangat dekat dengan pestisida. Untuk mengetahui adanya paparan pestisida dan penilaian risiko keracunan pestisida adalah dengan pengukuran kadar serum cholinesterase. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuktikan hubungan antara pengetahuan, perilaku merokok ketika menyemprot, dan kelengkapan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) ketika menyemprot dengan kadar serum cholinesterase pada petani penyemprot. Jenis penelitian ini observasional dengan desain studi cross sectional. Jumlah sampel 88 petani penyemprot di Desa Dukuhlo Kabupaten Brebes. Sampel diambil dengan teknik acak sederhana. Hasil analisis multivariat dengan multipel regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang terbukti berhubungan dengan kadar serum cholinesterase adalah pengetahuan tentang pestisida p=0,005 (OR=12,369; 95% CI=2,1-71,5) dan merokok ketika menyemprot p=0,005 (OR=9,641; 95% CI=2,0-46,1). Petani penyemprot yang memiliki pengetahuan kurang tentang pestisida mempunyai risiko 12,3 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan mereka yang memiliki pengetahuan tentang pestisida yang baik dan petani penyemprot yang merokok ketika menyemprot mempunyai risiko 9,6 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan mereka yang tidak merokok. Pengetahuan tentang pestisida dan merokok ketika menyemprot terbukti berhubungan dengan kadar serum cholinesterase pada petani penyemprot. Kata kunci: Petani penyemprot, serum cholinesterase, alat pelindung diri (APD) ABSTRACT

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“…Organophosphate (OP) insecticides are extensively used in different formulations to eradicate and control insects in veterinary practice, public health, and agriculture all over the world (1)(2)(3). These exert a variety of adverse health and environmental effects (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7).…”

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Acute Toxicity of Veterinary and Agricultural Formulations of Organophosphates Dichlorvos and Diazinon in Chicks

Al-Zubaidy

Mousa

Hasan

et al. 2011

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Formulation components of organophosphate insecticidal preparations might affect their toxic action in animals. The objective of this study was to examine and compare the acute toxicity and cholinesterase inhibition in seven to 14-day-old chicks dosed orally with dichlorvos and diazinon in standard veterinary and agricultural formulations. The acute (24 h) oral median lethal doses (LD 50 ) of the formulations were determined using the up-and-down method. Respective LD 50 of dichlorvos of the veterinary and agricultural formulations in chicks were 11.1 mg kg -1 and 6.51 mg kg -1 and those of diazinon 6.4 mg kg -1 and 6.7 mg kg -1 . Plasma and brain cholinesterase activities were measured by electrometry after in vivo and in vitro exposure to organophosphates. The chicks showed signs of cholinergic toxicosis within one hour of dosing. Dichlorvos (8 mg kg -1 ) and diazinon (4 mg kg -1 ) in the veterinary and agricultural formulation signifi cantly reduced both plasma and brain cholinesterase activities in the chicks. The veterinary formulation of dichlorvos reduced plasma ChE by 60 % and agricultural by 40 % and brain ChE by 93 % and 87 %, respectively. In contrast, ChE inhibition by diazinon in the agricultural formulation of diazinon was stronger than by the veterinary formulation; 72 % vs. 64 % in plasma and 97 % vs. 80 % in the brain, respectively. The highest in vitro inhibitions were observed with dichlorvos in the agricultural formulation (50 %) in the brain samples and with diazinon in the agricultural formulation (52 %) in the plasma samples. While they exist, differences between formulations cannot be taken as a rule and further investigations should inventory the toxicity of standard veterinary and agricultural organophosphate formulations in addition to the known data for pure forms.

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Serum Cholinesterase Levels of Thai Chilli‐Farm Workers Exposed to Chemical Pesticides: Prevalence Estimates and Associated Factors

Cited by 58 publications

References 12 publications

Pesticide Knowledge, Attitudes, and Clothing Practices of Turkish Farmers

Pesticide Knowledge, Attitudes, and Clothing Practices of Turkish Farmers

Perilaku Petani Penyemprot Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kadar Serum Cholinesterase

Acute Toxicity of Veterinary and Agricultural Formulations of Organophosphates Dichlorvos and Diazinon in Chicks

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