Serosurvey of anti- Leptospira sp. and anti- Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in capybaras and collared and white-lipped peccaries

Ullmann, Leila Sabrina; Gravinatti, Mara Lúcia; Yamatogi, Ricardo Seiti; Santos, Leonilda Correa dos; Moraes, Wanderlei de; Cubas, Zalmir Silvino; Camossi, Lucilene Granuzzio; Filho, Ivan Roque de Barros; Langoni, Hélio; Vieira, Rafael Felipe da Costa; Biondo, Alexander Welker

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0315-2016

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The individuals surveyed here reported that they hunted small, medium, and large wild animals, including native capybaras and exotic invasive species such as wild boars. In studies on T. gondii seropositivity among capybaras, although 16/26 healthy free-range capybaras (61.5%) caught in a large nearby city, 160 km (100 miles) from the present study, were seropositive [36], another study within the same state of Paraná found seropositivity in only 4/21 free-range capybaras (16.1%) and 1/10 captive capybaras in a zoo (10.0%) [37].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

“…While a study in the state of Paraná showed seropositivity for T. gondii in 7/22 collared peccaries (31.8%) and in 0/6 white-lipped peccaries (0%) that were kept in captivity [ 37 ], a study conducted in Peru found that 90/101 white-lipped peccaries (89.1%) that had contact with domestic animals were seropositive [ 40 ]. Furthermore, infective T. gondii was isolated from black-eared opossums living in an urban area in southeastern Brazil [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One Health Approach in Serosurvey of Toxoplasma gondii in Former Black Slave (Quilombola) Communities in Southern Brazil and Among Their Dogs

Panazzolo,

Kmetiuk,

Domingues

et al. 2023

TropicalMed

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Brazilian quilombos are rural semi-isolated remnant communities of former black slaves and their descendants who traditionally maintained themselves through archaic subsistence livestock and agriculture practices and historically lacked specific public health policies. Although such individuals and their dogs may be exposed to zoonotic pathogens such as Toxoplasma gondii, no study to date has assessed these human-animal populations together. Populations in four different Brazilian quilombos in southern Brazil were evaluated. Overall, 93/208 people (44.7%) and 63/100 dogs (63.0%) were seropositive for IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies by indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT), 4/208 (1.9%) human samples seropositive for IgM anti-T. gondii antibodies, with a human-dog seropositivity ratio for IgG of 0.71. Quilombola individuals ingesting game meat were 2.43-fold more likely (95% CI: 1.05–5.9) to be seropositive. No risk factors were associated with seropositivity among dogs, thus suggesting that their exposure to T. gondii was random. Surprisingly, our research group had previously found an inverted human-dog ratio for T. gondii seropositivity of 2.54 in the urban area of a nearby major city. Because consumption of raw/undercooked game meat by quilombola individuals may have contributed to higher exposure, higher overall seroprevalence among dogs may have also indicated interaction with wildlife. Although these dogs may hunt wildlife without their owners’ awareness, the higher dog seropositivity may also be related to feeding from discarded food in the community or backyard livestock animals and drinking surface water contaminated with oocysts. Thus, wildlife cannot be singled out as the reason, and future studies should consider sampling water, soil, wildlife, and livestock tissues, to fully establish the source of infection in dogs herein.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One Health Approach in Serosurvey of Toxoplasma gondii in Former Black Slave (Quilombola) Communities in Southern Brazil and Among Their Dogs

Panazzolo,

Kmetiuk,

Domingues

et al. 2023

TropicalMed

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“…Among wildlife species used for hunting, seroprevalence on native Brazilian species revealed T . gondii seropositivity in 4/21 (19.0%) of free-range and 1/10 (10.0%) captive capybaras, along with 7/22 (31.8%) captive collared peccaries [23]. Furthermore, Brazilian rural areas have higher human and domestic animal seroprevalence of T .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in wild boars (Sus scrofa), hunting dogs, and hunters of Brazil

et al. 2019

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii has been extensively studied in wild boars worldwide due to the emerging risk for human infection through meat consumption. However, this is the first study that reports toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in wild boars, wild boar hunters and their hunting dogs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in the complex wild boars, hunting dogs and hunters, and to determine the risk factors associated with seropositivity in southern and central-western Brazil. Overall, anti-T. gondii seropositivity was observed in 15/71 (21.1%) wild boars by modified agglutination test (MAT); and 49/157 (31.2%) hunting dogs and 15/49 (32.7%) hunters by indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in Brazilian wild boars was within the national and international range, posting wild boars as potential environmental sentinels for T. gondii presence. In addition, the findings have comparatively shown that wild boars have been less exposed to infection than hunting dogs or hunters in both Brazilian regions. Seropositivity for T. gondii was statistically higher in 12/14 (85.7%) captured wild boars when compared to 5/57 (7.0%) free-range wild boars (p = 0.000001). Similarly, captured wild boars from anthropized areas were more likely to be seropositive than of natural regions (p = 0.000255). When in multiple regression model, dogs with the habit of wild boar hunting had significant more chance to be positive (adjusted-OR 4.62 CI 95% 1.16–18.42). Despite potential as sentinels of environmental toxoplasmosis, seroprevalence in wild boars alone may provide a biased basis for public health concerns; thus, hunters and hunting dogs should be always be included in such studies. Although hunters should be aware of potential T. gondii infection, wild boars from natural and agricultural areas may present lower protozoa load when compared to wild boars from anthropized areas, likely by the higher presence of domestic cats as definitive hosts.

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“…In addition, Leptospira environmental survival may be favored by multispecies natural biofilm formation and protection, with virulent Leptospira interactions with complex environmental microbiota [ 6 ]. Regardless, Leptospira infection mostly occurs through the urine of infected rats [ 9 ] and other domestic [ 10 ] and wild [ 11 ] animals, favored in tropical regions [ 1 ] due to exposure to contaminated flooding water [ 9 ]. As human cases generally occur after heavy rain, rainfall water may resuspend and spread leptospires together with soil particles to infect humans or animals through body wounds in the skin, mucous membranes and conjunctiva [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One Health Approach to Leptospirosis: Dogs as Environmental Sentinels for Identification and Monitoring of Human Risk Areas in Southern Brazil

Sohn-Hausner,

Kmetiuk,

da Silva

et al. 2023

TropicalMed

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Leptospirosis has been a neglected, widespread and reemerging zoonotic disease of global importance. The One Health holistic approach combining human, animal and environmental health has been important for control and prevention of zoonotic disease. An urban municipality in Southern Brazil with a high prevalence of leptospirosis was selected by convenience, with asymptomatic human and canine individuals serologically tested using MAT against 30 Leptospira spp. serovars. Epidemiological questionnaires were assessed along with the historical national database, with associated risk factors to dog and human seropositivity analyzed using multiple logistic regression. The spatial distribution of retrospective human leptospirosis cases was analyzed using a Kernel map and overlapped dog seropositivity and historical flooding areas, demonstrating that domestic and asymptomatic dogs may be important environmental sentinels for leptospirosis in such urban areas, even in the absence of human seropositivity and low canine seropositivity. Associated risk factors for leptospirosis in dogs and humans according to multiple regression included healthy dogs (p = 0.02, odds ratio—OR = 0.17, confidence interval of 95%CI 0.03–0.71) with indoor access (p = 0.059, OR = 5.12, 95%CI 1.10–37.7) and human males (p = 0.042, OR = 2.44, 95%CI 1.08–6.11) with presenting calf pain (p = 0.005, OR = 3.14, 95%CI 1.46–7. 14), jaundice (p < 0.001, OR = 4.61, 95%CI 2.11–10.10) and renal failure (p = 0.008, OR = 4.49, 95%CI 1.49–13.76). The greater the rain precipitation (above 3 mm of average annual precipitation), the higher the number of leptospirosis cases in humans. In conclusion, dog active serosurvey and rain precipitation should be systematically reported and plotted altogether as a basis for the early detection and monitoring of human risk areas. Such findings may serve as a basis for public health policies in Brazil and other endemic countries worldwide.

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Serosurvey of anti- Leptospira sp. and anti- Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in capybaras and collared and white-lipped peccaries

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

One Health Approach in Serosurvey of Toxoplasma gondii in Former Black Slave (Quilombola) Communities in Southern Brazil and Among Their Dogs

One Health Approach in Serosurvey of Toxoplasma gondii in Former Black Slave (Quilombola) Communities in Southern Brazil and Among Their Dogs

Seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in wild boars (Sus scrofa), hunting dogs, and hunters of Brazil

One Health Approach to Leptospirosis: Dogs as Environmental Sentinels for Identification and Monitoring of Human Risk Areas in Southern Brazil

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