Serosal Injury in the Equine Jejunum and Ascending Colon After Ischemia‐Reperfusion or Intraluminal Distention and Decompression

Dabareiner, Robin M.; Sullins, K. E.; White, Nathaniel A.; Snyder, Jack R.

doi:10.1053/jvet.2001.21393

Cited by 56 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…A sonda foi acoplada externamente a um frasco de solução fisiológica e a um manômetro aneróide por meio de uma torneira de três vias. A pressão no lúmen intestinal foi mantida em 21cm de água por todo o período de obstrução (Dabareiner et al 2001).…”

Section: Lesão Experimentalunclassified

“…Foram utilizados parâmetros semi-quantitativos de escores para descamação epitelial, edema, hemorragia e infiltração de neutrófilos na mucosa, submucosa, muscular e serosa, segundo sistema adotado Rio Tinto (1999). Na serosa também foram utilizados escores para descamação de células mesoteliais, distensão de vasos linfáticos e deposição de fibrina, com base em método adotado por Dabareiner et al (2001).…”

Section: Colheita Processamento E Análise Das Amostrasunclassified

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Utilização da glutamina no tratamento de lesões de isquemia e reperfusão no jejuno em eqüinos

et al. 2009

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Sob anestesia geral e com controle da pressão arterial, 12 eqüinos foram submetidos simultaneamente a modelos de isquemia venosa e distensão intraluminal em segmentos do jejuno por 2 h, seguidos de 12 h de reperfusão. Seis eqüinos foram tratados com glutamina a 2% (50mg/kg) por via intravenosa e seis com solução fisiológica em igual volume, 1 h após o início da isquemia e às 6h de reperfusão. Foram colhidas amostras de tecido intestinal antes e com 2 h de isquemia e com 2 e 12 h de reperfusão para avaliações histopatológica e ultraestrutural, mensuração da área e número das vilosidades por mm² e atividade de mieloperoxidade (MPO). Não foram encontradas diferenças entre os grupos controle e tratado. Concluiu-se que a glutamina, nas condições deste trabalho, não atenua lesões de isquemia e reperfusão intestinal em eqüinos.

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Section: Lesão Experimentalunclassified

Section: Colheita Processamento E Análise Das Amostrasunclassified

Utilização da glutamina no tratamento de lesões de isquemia e reperfusão no jejuno em eqüinos

et al. 2009

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“…These alterations are explained as a result of hypoxia followed by reperfusion which will cause damage to the vascular endothelium, loss of permeability and extravasation of red blood cells, and effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Dabareiner et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allogenic mesenchymal stem cell intravenous infusion in reparation of mild intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in New Zealand rabbits

et al. 2018

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The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) infusion, derived from adipose tissue, on reduction of local and remote tissue damage caused by the event of experimental intestinal I/R in New Zealand breed rabbits. For obtaining, characterization, and cultivation of MSC derived from adipose tissue (MSC-Adp), 3 juvenile animals (four months old) were used. The cells were considered to be viable for therapy after the fourth passage (in vitro phase). For the in vivo stage, 24 young adult animals (six months old) were used, weighing approximately 3.5 kg, in which were randomly divided into two groups, called: IR treated with MSC (I2H/R5H MSC 3D; I2H/R5H MSC 7D); IR treated with PBS (I2H/R5H PBS 3D; I2H/R5H PBS 7D). The animals were anesthetized and submitted to pre-retro-umbilical midline celiotomy. The extramural peri-intestinal marginal artery was located and clamped (predetermined and standardized region) with the aid of a vascular clip, promoting a 2 hour blood flow interruption. After this period, blood flow was reestablished, inhalatory anesthesia was suspended, and the animals awaken. After 5 hours of reperfusion, the treatments were performed by intravenous infusion according to the experimental groups. The animals were evaluated 72 hours and seven days after the treatment as for the macroscopic appearance (color and peristaltism) of the jejunal segment, and by histological evaluation of the ischemic segment for the presence or absence of destruction of the intestinal mucosa, edema, bleeding, dilation of lymph vessels, and presence of polymorphonuclear inflammatory cells, both in the mucosa and submucosa. The observed results revealed that the groups treated with MSC-Adp obtained smaller mucosal and submucosal lesions when compared to the groups treated with PBS. Also, MSC-Adp treated groups obtained controlled inflammatory response and higher mitotic rate, outcomes related to the therapeutic potential of MSC. Infusion of stem cells attenuated the lesions caused by intestinal I/R in both MSC groups when compared to the group treated with PBS.

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“…In such an approach, injury incurred during the ischemic phase is mild, compared with the reperfusion injury that follows . The clinical equivalent to the low-flow model could be small intestine subjected to distention and decompression (Dabareiner et al 2001, Faleiros et al 2008 or to endotoxin-induced hypoperfusion (King and Gerring et al 1991). Because these segments are left in situ after removal of the strangulated tissue, progressive damage to them could delay return of gastrointestinal function and barrier integrity.…”

Section: Methods For Inducing Ischemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ischemia in equine intestine – mechanisms of injury and methods of treatment

Freeman¹,

Grosche²

2012

PHK

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SummaryThe importance of reperfusion injury in equine intestine is controversial and unclear. Large colon volvulus and small intestinal strangulation are the most devastating causes of intestinal ischemia in horses and result in severe mucosal damage, barrier dysfunction, endotoxic shock and death. Although essential for tissue recovery, reperfusion after these types of ischemia could exacerbate intestinal injury. Responses to ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) involve a series of synchronized biochemical, cellular and structural changes characterized by generation of reactive oxygen metabolites, activation of immune cells, and epithelial cell degeneration and death. The intensity of neutrophil activation and influx is central to the process of reperfusion injury and the associated inflammatory events. The classic paradigm of reperfusion injury is best displayed after the segmental hypoperfusion or low-flow ischemia model, in which arterial inflow is adjusted to 20% of normal baseline flow, and then allowed to return to normal or greater values during reperfusion. In such cases, injury during the ischemic phase is mild, compared with the reperfusion injury that follows. Although there is some evidence of reperfusion injury in equine colon and jejunum after low-flow ischemia, attempts to ameliorate this by pharmacologic means have met with only moderate success. A multimodal approach, using solutions designed to improve survival in transplanted organs, seems to hold the greatest promise, although these have not been embraced in the clinical setting. Expense and difficulties in delivery are the two most serious limitations. Recent studies to assess the effect of colonic I/R on equine pelvic flexure involved a complete ischemia model that was similar to the clinical lesion, and for periods of 1 to 2 hours of ischemia followed by 30 minutes, 4 hours, or 18 hours of reperfusion. Ischemia caused degeneration and detachment of epithelial cells, early apoptosis, and opening of tight junctions (TJs), all of which decreased transepithelial resistance (TER) and increased mannitol flux when the tissues were studied in vitro. Autophagy was a prominent feature in epithelial cells after 1 hour of ischemia. Reperfusion was characterized by apoptosis, epithelial regeneration, and closure of TJs with improved TER and reduced mannitol leakage. Neutrophils infiltrated colonic mucosa during reperfusion, and macrophages, mast cells and eosinophils were activated during I/R. Equine colonic mucosa subjected to ischemia can repair rapidly and regain barrier integrity during reperfusion, despite intense mucosal inflammation. Recently, attention has focused on inflammation induced by intestinal handling and on remote organ responses to intestinal injury, both of which could be highly relevent to postoperative management of horses that undergo colic surgery. The use of lidocaine in a continuous rate infusion is a popular approach to ameliorate the intestinal inflammatory response after colic surgery, although there is no evidence that it has a...

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Serosal Injury in the Equine Jejunum and Ascending Colon After Ischemia‐Reperfusion or Intraluminal Distention and Decompression

Abstract: The small intestine is more susceptible to seromuscular layer damage than the ascending colon.

Cited by 56 publications

References 19 publications

Utilização da glutamina no tratamento de lesões de isquemia e reperfusão no jejuno em eqüinos

Utilização da glutamina no tratamento de lesões de isquemia e reperfusão no jejuno em eqüinos

Allogenic mesenchymal stem cell intravenous infusion in reparation of mild intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in New Zealand rabbits

Ischemia in equine intestine – mechanisms of injury and methods of treatment

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