Seroprevalence Survey of American Trypanosomiasis in Central Valley of Toluca

Abstract

American trypanosomiasis is a growing health issue in the Americas. México is an endemic country, where some locations such as in the State of México are considered highly prevalent. In the valley of Toluca city, the capital of the State of Mexico, there exists an apparent high prevalence in dogs. The absence of triatomine vectors suggests that dogs may not be infected. Therefore, we conducted a directed survey to domiciliated and nondomiciliated dogs to reassess dogs' T. cruzi seroprevalence status. HAI and ELISA serologic tests were applied to 124 and 167 serums of domiciliated and nondomiciliated dogs in the target city. Risk factors were estimated, but the results did not show any evidence to assess them. No domiciliated dogs tested positive to both tests, whereas only one non-domiciliated dog resulted positive. This animal may have acquired the infection in an endemic area and then migrated to Toluca. Research results indicate that T. cruzi infection is not actively transmitted among dogs, and it is pointed out that dogs are the main sentinel animal population to evaluate a possible expansion of the territory affected by Chagas' disease.

Seroprevalence and geographical distribution of sero‐positive blood donors to Trypanosoma cruzi at the central blood bank of the National Medical Center “La Raza”

“…Furthermore, northern Mexico City has optimal conditions for the development of different species of the T. cruzi vector. In a study by Quijano‐Hernández et al 2011, they reported that the high‐risk areas for Chagas disease were in the rural places that were below 2,000 meters above sea level . In an earlier study, by Salazar‐Schettino et al 2005, they reported the presence of T. barberi in different states at a height of more than 2,400 meters above sea level that included Mexico City and Hidalgo .…”

Technological advances in the serological diagnosis of Chagas disease in dogs and cats: a systematic review

“…Photographs were taken in rural areas of the municipalities of Tremedal (A and B) and Irecê, Bahia, Brazil (E-F) (DTU). In Mexico, a study conducted in 2010 reported a prevalence of 34% [31], while another study carried out in 2017 detected a prevalence of 4.4% [32]. Other studies conducted in Mexico have reported different prevalence values [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43].…”

“…5 ), which may be partly attributed to the variability in terms of transmission risk, but also to sample size and serological tests used by different research groups to detect anti- T. cruzi antibodies in dogs, as well as to the genetic variability of the circulating T. cruzi strains (discrete typing units (DTU). In Mexico, a study conducted in 2010 reported a prevalence of 34% [ 31 ], while another study carried out in 2017 detected a prevalence of 4.4% [ 32 ]. Other studies conducted in Mexico have reported different prevalence values [ 33 – 43 ].…”

Presence of Trypanosome Species and Anemic Status of Dogs in Zuru, Nigeria

“…Canine trypanosomiasis is a devastating disease (2) characterized by anemia, severe weight loss, muscular weakness, abortion, corneal opacity, blepharitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis and death if untreated in affected dogs (3). Trypanosomiasis of dogs was first described in 1908 (4) and it is caused mainly by Trypanosoma brucei brucei (5), Trypanosoma congolense (6), Trypanosoma cruzi (7), Trypanosoma evansi (8) and Trypanosoma caninum (9). In Nigeria, trypanosomiasis in dogs due to T. brucei and T. congolense occurs more frequently (10).…”