Presence of Trypanosome Species and Anemic Status of Dogs in Zuru, Nigeria

Tono, Rafi Rabecca; Faleke, O. O.; Magaji, A. A.; Alayande, MO; Fajinmi, A. O.; Ibitoye, E. B.

doi:10.14432/j.macvetrev.2015.09.053

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 23 publications

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“…The five genera detected by LM and PCR ( Babesia, Ehrlichia, Hepatozoon, Mycoplasma and Trypanosoma ) have been reported previously in Nigeria: B. canis (Irwin, 2009; Zahler et al, 1998), Hepatozoon canis (Aydin, 2014; Ezeokoli et al, 1983; Happi and Anita, 2012; Okubanjo et al, 2013; Sasaki et al, 2008), E. canis (Adamu et al, 2012; Kamani et al, 2013), Trypanosoma spp. (Tono et al, 2015), M. haemocanis and ‘ Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum ’ (Aquino et al, 2016). However, molecular evidence of ‘ Candidatus M. haemobos ’ has only been reported in Asia, America and Europe in cattle (Ayling et al, 2012; Girotto et al, 2012; Hoelzle et al, 2011; McFadden et al, 2016; Meli et al, 2010; Tagawa et al, 2008) and in dogs from northern Australia (Hii et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and identification of blood-borne infections in dogs in Nigeria using light microscopy and the polymerase chain reaction

Happi

Toepp

Ugwu

et al. 2018

Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports

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Many sick dogs brought to the University of Ibadan Veterinary Teaching Hospital (UIVTH) are infested with ticks and are anemic. Up until recently, light microscopy (LM) has been the only available means used for detection of blood-borne infections. In other parts of the world, PCR-based assays been used as a gold standard for accurate diagnosis of blood-borne infections. In this study, we used LM and broad-spectrum rRNA gene PCR-based assays on 116 blood samples from dogs brought to the UIVTH for detection of the 18S rRNA gene of Babesia and the 16S rRNA genes of Ehrlichia and hemotropic mycoplasmas. The relationship between clinicopathological findings and PCR results was evaluated. Age, sex, presence of ticks, anemia, co-infection status, and fever were also assessed in relation to PCR positivity to determine the risk factors using stepwise logistic regression analyses. Light microscopic examination revealed an overall prevalence of infection of 14.7% (17/116). Organisms detected were Babesia canis (3.5%), Ehrlichia canis (10.3%) and Trypanosoma congolense (0.9%) and a single coinfection with Babesia canis and Ehrlichia canis (0.9%). PCR analysis revealed 89/116 (76.7%) positive samples. Infections with 1, 2 and 3 infectious agents occurred in 49 (55.1%), 36 (40.4%) and 4 (4.5%) samples, respectively. Specifically, among the 89 PCR positive samples, Babesia spp. (85.4%) was the most abundant infection followed by Ehrlichia spp. (46.1%) and hemoplasmas (13.5%). Sequencing of PCR products identified two samples (1.7%) that contained Hepatozoon canis DNA. Sequencing of hemoplasma positive samples identified ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos’ in 0.8% of dogs. Using PCR, a 5-fold higher prevalence of blood-borne infections was found in the dogs (76.7%, 89/116) than with LM (14.7%, 17/116) alone” Dogs between 1 and 12 months were the most frequently infected with multiple agents (47.2% double and 50.0% triple infections). Male dogs had the highest prevalence of infection (80.4%) and more triple infections (75.0%). A total of 57.3% of infected dogs were anemic. Anemic dogs were 2.77 times more likely to test positive for Ehrlichia spp. (OR: 2.77 95% CI: 1.25–6.16) and dogs with ticks were 3.6 times more likely to test positive for hemoplasmas (OR = 3.60 95% CI: 1.05–12.38). This study underscores the abundance of blood-borne infections in dogs in Ibadan, Nigeria, which is underestimated using light microscopy. This is also the first evidence of existence of ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos’ in a dog in Nigeria and in Africa. Consequently there is a need for molecular diagnostic facilities for routine screening of sick animals, as multiple infections were not found by light microscopy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and identification of blood-borne infections in dogs in Nigeria using light microscopy and the polymerase chain reaction

Happi

Toepp

Ugwu

et al. 2018

Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Prevalence and Molecular Identification of Trypanosomes in Dogs in Enugu North Senatorial Zone, South East Nigeria

et al. 2021

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Diagnosis and successful treatment of an Austrian dog infected with Trypanosoma congolense forest type

Leschnik

Silbermayr

Guija

et al. 2021

Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere

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Canine African Trypanosomosis (CAT) is a rarely described disease with frequently lethal outcome. A 5-year-old female mongrel dog weighing 22 kg was presented in Austria due to unilateral uveitis, pancytopenia, and anorexia 4 months after return from a trip through Western Africa. Trypanosoma spp. flagellates were detected in a blood smear and identified as Trypanosoma congolense forest type by PCR. Initial treatment with imidocarb and miltefosine led to clinical improvement but only isometamidium chloride hydrochloride applied intramuscularly led to complete eradication of the pathogen from the dog’s blood 4 months later.

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Presence of Trypanosome Species and Anemic Status of Dogs in Zuru, Nigeria

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Detection and identification of blood-borne infections in dogs in Nigeria using light microscopy and the polymerase chain reaction

Detection and identification of blood-borne infections in dogs in Nigeria using light microscopy and the polymerase chain reaction

Prevalence and Molecular Identification of Trypanosomes in Dogs in Enugu North Senatorial Zone, South East Nigeria

Diagnosis and successful treatment of an Austrian dog infected with Trypanosoma congolense forest type

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