Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Type 2 and Coinfection With HIV and Syphilis

Memish, Ziad A.; Almasri, Malak; Chentoufi, Aziz Alami; Al‐Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Al-Shangiti, Ali M.; Al-Kabbani, Kenan M.; Otaibi, B.; Assirri, Abdullah; Yezli, Saber

doi:10.1097/olq.0000000000000336

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Observed HSV-2 seroprevalence was comparable to that found in other MENA general population studies that used reasonable-quality diagnostics. 8 , 19 Seroprevalence, however, was substantially less than that found in studies that used poor-quality diagnostics known for cross-reactivity with the highly prevalent HSV-1 antibodies. 8 This affirms the need to insure use of quality type-specific diagnostics, to avoid generating clinically or epidemiologically noninterpretable, or even misleading results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Seroprevalence Among Different National Populations of Middle East and North African Men

Dargham

Nasrallah²,

Al-Absi

et al. 2018

Sexual Trans Dis

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…To estimate a 2% nationality-specific HSV-2 seroprevalence with a 2% precision level, we calculated a sample size of 200 for each nationality. We based the 2% seroprevalence on observed seroprevalence in Saudi Arabia, 19 a neighboring country.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Seroprevalence Among Different National Populations of Middle East and North African Men

Dargham

Nasrallah²,

Al-Absi

et al. 2018

Sexual Trans Dis

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“…A low rate of HIV co-infection has also been reported in the first national seroprevalence survey in Saudi Arabia. 20 This might be related to the sexual behaviors of individuals living in mostly Muslim populations. A steady increase, approximately 15-fold in the incidence of ocular syphilis between 1999 and 2004, has also been reported in UK.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and laboratory characteristics of ocular syphilis, co-infection, and therapy response

Şahin¹,

Ziaei²

2015

OPTH

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PurposeTo describe the clinical presentation of patients diagnosed with presumed latent ocular syphilis and congenital ocular syphilis at tertiary referral center in Turkey, and to compare the clinical findings with patients described in other studies, specifically focusing on demographics and co-infections.MethodsThis is a retrospective study reviewing the medical records of patients diagnosed with ocular inflammation between January 2012 and June 2014 at a tertiary referral center in Turkey. Ocular syphilis was diagnosed on the basis of non-treponemal and treponemal antibody tests, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. All the patients diagnosed with ocular syphilis were tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Toxoplasma gondii, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes.ResultsA total of 1,115 patients were evaluated between January 2012 and June 2014, and 12 patients (1.07%) were diagnosed with ocular syphilis based on the inclusion criteria. None of the patients were seropositive for HIV. Two patients were seropositive for T. gondii-specific IgG. Clinical presentations include non-necrotizing anterior scleritis, non-necrotizing sclerokeratitis, anterior uveitis, intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, panuveitis, and optic neuritis. All of the patients showed clinical improvement in the level of ocular inflammation with intravenous penicillin 24 million U/day for 10 days. Three patients received additional oral methotrexate as an adjunctive therapy. Two cases received low-dose trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole.ConclusionOcular syphilis is an uncommon cause of ocular inflammation in HIV-negative patients. Central retinochoroiditis is the most common ocular manifestation, and it is the most common cause of visual impairment. Ocular syphilis might present associated with co-infections such as T. gondii in developing countries. Oral methotrexate might be beneficial as an adjunctive therapy for ocular syphilis in resolving the residual intraocular inflammation and cystoid macular edema after specific therapy with intravenous penicillin.

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“…Vero cells, HSV-1 (MacIntyre strain) CPE ACV IC 50 1 µg/mL, SI > 250 HSV-1 IC 50 10.7 µg/mL, SI > 46. 7 Taxol derivatives. The activity may be associated with their influence on mitotic division.…”

Section: Methyl (N-benzoyl-(2 R3 S)-3 -Phenylisoserinate) (113)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, infection with HSV-2 was observed to be a high-risk factor for potential HIV infection, as well as invasive cervical carcinoma [6]. Several reports have declared that HSV is involved in various ocular diseases, including stromal keratitis, endotheliitis and neurotrophic keratopathy [4][5][6][7]. The current existant treatment of HSV infection relies mainly on the use of acyclovir (ACV) and related synthetic nucleoside analogs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Products-Derived Chemicals: Breaking Barriers to Novel Anti-HSV Drug Development

Treml

Gazdová

Šmejkal

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Recently, the problem of viral infection, particularly the infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2), has dramatically increased and caused a significant challenge to public health due to the rising problem of drug resistance. The antiherpetic drug resistance crisis has been attributed to the overuse of these medications, as well as the lack of new drug development by the pharmaceutical industry due to reduced economic inducements and challenging regulatory requirements. Therefore, the development of novel antiviral drugs against HSV infections would be a step forward in improving global combat against these infections. The incorporation of biologically active natural products into anti-HSV drug development at the clinical level has gained limited attention to date. Thus, the search for new drugs from natural products that could enter clinical practice with lessened resistance, less undesirable effects, and various mechanisms of action is greatly needed to break the barriers to novel antiherpetic drug development, which, in turn, will pave the road towards the efficient and safe treatment of HSV infections. In this review, we aim to provide an up-to-date overview of the recent advances in natural antiherpetic agents. Additionally, this paper covers a large scale of phenolic compounds, alkaloids, terpenoids, polysaccharides, peptides, and other miscellaneous compounds derived from various sources of natural origin (plants, marine organisms, microbial sources, lichen species, insects, and mushrooms) with promising activities against HSV infections; these are in vitro and in vivo studies. This work also highlights bioactive natural products that could be used as templates for the further development of anti-HSV drugs at both animal and clinical levels, along with the potential mechanisms by which these compounds induce anti-HSV properties. Future insights into the development of these molecules as safe and effective natural anti-HSV drugs are also debated.

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Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Type 2 and Coinfection With HIV and Syphilis

Cited by 20 publications

References 23 publications

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Seroprevalence Among Different National Populations of Middle East and North African Men

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Seroprevalence Among Different National Populations of Middle East and North African Men

Clinical and laboratory characteristics of ocular syphilis, co-infection, and therapy response

Natural Products-Derived Chemicals: Breaking Barriers to Novel Anti-HSV Drug Development

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