Seroprevalence and Determinants of Immunity to Diphtheria for Children Living in Two Districts of Contrasting Incidence During an Outbreak in East Java, Indonesia

Hughes, G.; Mikhail, Amy; Husada, Dominicus; Irawan, Eveline; Kafatos, George; Bracebridge, Sam; Pebody, Richard; Efstratiou, Androulla

doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000000846

Cited by 38 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A seroprevalence study by Hughes et al in Indonesian children concluded that high DTP3 vaccination coverage does not provide long-term immunity when compared with low vaccination coverage (Hughes et al 2015). Earlier research led to speculation that natural variations in dtxR and tox genes may be associated with the bacterial ability to produce a toxin (Perera and Corbel 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tengkawang cultivation model in community forest using agroforestry systems in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

et al. 2017

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Mulyastuti Y, Rahayu SI, Sunarno S, Santoso S, Wasito EB. 2017. Short Communication: Investigation of Diphtheria in Indonesia: dtxR and tox genes analysis of Corynebacterium diphtheriae collected from outbreaks. Biodiversitas 18: 784-787. Diphtheria outbreaks have sporadically occurred in Indonesia recently. It is suspected that toxin profile changes play an important role in vaccine efficacy and the occurrence of outbreaks. This study aimed to investigate the genetic changes of dtxR and tox genes in Corynebacterium diphtheria in Indonesia. Four C. diphtheriae toxigenic isolates circulating in current outbreak area were analyzed by comparing DNA sequences of their dtxR and tox genes to those of the PW8 vaccine strain. Among the four isolates, three point mutations were detected in dtxR gene while three other point mutations were detected in the tox gene. All six were silent mutations, suggesting that the diphtheria toxin is highly conserved at the amino acid sequence level, and indirectly indicating that the vaccine remains appropriate. Genetic variation in dtxR and tox genes of C. diphtheriae isolates from the recent outbreaks in Indonesia was detected.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tengkawang cultivation model in community forest using agroforestry systems in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

et al. 2017

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“…A diphtheria epidemic in the former Soviet Union in the 1990s resulted in N 157.000 cases claiming~5000 lives (Dittmann et al, 2000). Yet, this pathogen is not under control, and the have been multiple outbreaks in different countries since 2000 including Colombia (Landazabal et al, 2001), India (Parande et al, 2014;Saikia et al, 2010), Norway (Rasmussen et al, 2011), Nigeria (Besa et al, 2014), Thailand (Wanlapakorn et al, 2014), and more recently in Brazil (Santos et al, 2015), Laos (Nanthavong et al, 2015) and Indonesia (Hughes et al, 2015).…”

Section: Diphtheriae Is Genetically Diversementioning

confidence: 94%

Evolution, epidemiology and diversity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae : New perspectives on an old foe

Sangal

Hoskisson

2016

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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“…The incidence in East Java Province is the highest in Indonesia. At the same period, Indonesia was in the second rank in the world, after India (Hughes et al, 2015;WHO, 2015). The peak in East Java occured in 2012 with 955 cases where 37 patients deceased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Antidiphtheria Antibodies of Seroepidemiology Survey Among Adolescents in Bangkalan and Kediri Districts

Husada

Marbun

Primayani

et al. 2019

JBE

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Background: An increase in diphtheria cases has occurred in East Java Province since 2011. The resistance level to diphtheria is considered as the most important cause. Purpose: The study aims analyzed the immunity level immunity to diphtheria in adolescents aged 16-18 years old in Bangkalan and Kediri Districts. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study, conducted on students in eleven grade of senior high schools (SMAN) from both districts. The inclusion criteria included being 16-18 years old and students in eleven grades of senior high schools in Bangkalan and Kediri. This study was approved by their parents/guardians. The exclusion criteria included immunocompromised students and those who have a history of diphtheria infection. The data were obtained from 204 samples, 89 samples in Bangkalan, and 115 samples in Kediri. The antidiphtheria antibodies examination was carried out by the Vero cell method. The antibodies levels were grouped according to WHO standard, consist of vulnerable, basic, full, and long-term. Further analysis was done with 2 tiers of immunity, consist of immune and vulnerable. Results: The immunization coverage for basic and booster diphtheria vaccine is better in Kediri than in Bangkalan. In contrast, levels of antibodies samples in Bangkalan District is better. The participants who were immune in Bangkalan were higher than those in Kediri (91% vs. 44.3%). Conclusion: The immunity adolescents of Bangkalan is higher than in adolescent Kediri District. The adolescents in Kediri have a greater risk to get infected by the disease

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Seroprevalence and Determinants of Immunity to Diphtheria for Children Living in Two Districts of Contrasting Incidence During an Outbreak in East Java, Indonesia

Cited by 38 publications

References 12 publications

Tengkawang cultivation model in community forest using agroforestry systems in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Tengkawang cultivation model in community forest using agroforestry systems in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Evolution, epidemiology and diversity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae : New perspectives on an old foe

The Antidiphtheria Antibodies of Seroepidemiology Survey Among Adolescents in Bangkalan and Kediri Districts

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