Evolution, epidemiology and diversity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae : New perspectives on an old foe

Sangal, Vartul; Hoskisson, Paul A.

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2016.06.024

Cited by 71 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The existence of genetic diversity among the strains and its circulation around the world are a serious concern in recent time (2). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first genome report on the C. diphtheriae strains isolated from India.…”

Section: Genome Announcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report on the Draft Genome Sequences of Corynebacterium diphtheriae Isolates from India

et al. 2016

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Section: Genome Announcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report on the Draft Genome Sequences of Corynebacterium diphtheriae Isolates from India

et al. 2016

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“…The complete genome sequence was known for only 14 of these strains. A phylogenetic analysis of the 14 sequenced C. diphtheriae strains indicates that strains that contain the htaA, chtA, or chtC genes show a much higher overall genetic similarity to each other than they do to strains that lack the genes (58). A review of these 19 strains revealed the presence of the hbpA gene only in those strains that also contained functional copies of htaA, chtA, and chtC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corynebacterium diphtheriae Iron-Regulated Surface Protein HbpA Is Involved in the Utilization of the Hemoglobin-Haptoglobin Complex as an Iron Source

2018

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utilizes various heme-containing proteins, including hemoglobin (Hb) and the hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex (Hb-Hp), as iron sources during growth in iron-depleted environments. The ability to utilize Hb-Hp as an iron source requires the surface anchored proteins HtaA and either ChtA or ChtC. The ability to bind hemin, Hb and Hb-Hp by each of these proteins requires the previously characterized Conserved Region (CR) domain. In this study, we identified an Hb-Hp binding protein, HbpA (38.5-kDa), which is involved in the acquisition of hemin-iron from Hb-Hp. HbpA was initially identified from total cell lysates as an iron-regulated protein that binds to both Hb and Hb-Hp HbpA does not contain a CR domain and has sequence similarity only to homologous proteins present in a limited number of strains. Transcription of is regulated in an iron-dependent manner that is mediated by DtxR, a global iron-dependent regulator. Deletion of from results in reduced ability to utilize Hb-Hp as an iron source, but has little or no effect on the ability to use Hb or hemin as iron sources. Cell fractionation studies showed that HbpA is both secreted into the culture supernatant and associated with the membrane where its exposure on the bacterial surface allows HbpA to bind Hb and Hb-Hp. The identification and analysis of HbpA enhances our understanding of iron uptake in , and indicates that the acquisition of hemin-iron from Hb-Hp may involve a complex mechanism that requires multiple surface proteins.The ability to utilize host iron sources, such as heme and heme-containing proteins, is essential for many bacterial pathogens to cause disease. In this study, we have identified a novel factor (HbpA) that is crucial for the use of hemin-iron from the hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex (Hb-Hp). Hb-Hp is considered one of the primary sources of iron for certain bacterial pathogens. HbpA has no similarity to the previously identified Hb-Hp binding proteins, HtaA and ChtA/C, and is only found in a limited group of strains. Understanding the function of HbpA may significantly increase our knowledge of how this important human pathogen can acquire host iron that allows it to survive and cause disease in the human respiratory tract.

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“…; Meinel et al . ; Sangal and Hoskisson ). For the past 10 years, there have been plethora of reports of diphtheria from several parts of India (Phalkey et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Strengthening the laboratory diagnosis of pathogenicCorynebacteriumspecies in the Vaccine era

Sekar

Veeraraghavan

Anandan

et al. 2017

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Over the last three decades, successful implementation of the diphtheria vaccination in the developed and developing countries has reduced the infections caused by the toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, but a concomitant increase in the invasive infections due to the nontoxigenic strains was seen. In addition, the recent reports on the emergence of nontoxigenic toxin gene-bearing strains, having the potential to revert back to toxigenic form poses a significant threat to human beings. Besides infections caused by C. diphtheriae, the emergence of the respiratory, cutaneous and invasive infections by related pathogenic Corynebacterium species like C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis, complicate the diagnosis and management of infection. These observations together with the widespread prevalence of diphtheria in the vaccine era, necessitates the strengthening of the epidemiological surveillance and laboratory diagnosis of the pathogen. This review provides the overview of the advantages and limitations of different molecular methods and the role of MALDI-TOF in the laboratory diagnosis of Diphtheria. The contribution of next generation sequencing technology and different genotyping techniques in understanding the pathogenicity, transmission dynamics and epidemiology of the C. diphtheriae is discussed.

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Evolution, epidemiology and diversity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae : New perspectives on an old foe

Cited by 71 publications

References 77 publications

First Report on the Draft Genome Sequences of Corynebacterium diphtheriae Isolates from India

First Report on the Draft Genome Sequences of Corynebacterium diphtheriae Isolates from India

Corynebacterium diphtheriae Iron-Regulated Surface Protein HbpA Is Involved in the Utilization of the Hemoglobin-Haptoglobin Complex as an Iron Source

Strengthening the laboratory diagnosis of pathogenicCorynebacteriumspecies in the Vaccine era

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