Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Infectious Bursal Disease in Chickens Managed Under Intensive and Backyard Production Systems in Western Oromia, Ethiopia

Abstract

Background Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a highly contagious viral disease challenging poultry industry throughout the world. It is also among the main obstacles in the different chicken production system in Ethiopia. This study was conducted with the aim of determining seroprevalence and associated risk factors of IBD in backyard and intensively managed chickens of the study area. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in selected districts of western Oromia on intensive and backyard production systems to investigate seroprevalence of IBD and associated risk factors from September 2020 to August 2021. A total of 384 chickens of either sex, 128 from each district, were included from three randomly selected peasant associations (PAs). In addition, 180 individual poultry keepers, of both sexes, and different educational backgrounds, were included for questionnaire survey ( Supplementary Material ). Data were analyzed using SPSS Version-20, and results were presented as percentages. The samples were processed by using (ProFLOKIBV, USA) indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) kits. Results Out of 384 serum samples tested, 66.93% ( n = 257) were found positive by indirect ELISA. The highest prevalence was recorded from Sasiga district Balo Bareda PA. Prevalence of IBD showed significant statistical association ( p < 0.05) among owner education level, chicken rearing practice, origin and breed. Questionnaire survey results showed the majority of respondents lack sufficient knowledge about IBD and other chicken diseases. The practice of backyard chicken producers on vaccination and treatment of sick birds is limited. Conclusion In conclusion, IBD is a major factor hindering production and health of birds. Proper vaccination programs coordinated with awareness creation of chicken owners on how to isolate and treat sick birds should be implemented.

Epidemiological Occurrence of the Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Chickens’ Flocks that Had Received Various Vaccination Regimens

“…According to the rearing system, there was no significant difference in incidence of IBD between opened (75.8%) and closed systems (75.9%). This is not similar to previous studies, which reported that the IBD incidence increased in chickens housed in opened system due to frequent exposure to immunosuppressive factors such as heat stress, deprivation of water, and poor nutrition which resulted in suppression of the chicken immune system [49,50].…”

A Cross-Sectional Seroepidemiological Study on Infectious Bursal Disease in Backyard Chickens in the Mymensingh District of Bangladesh

“…Our current findings were similar to those of previous studies conducted globally, for example, 86% by Bolfa et al [34] in St. Kitts, 83.1% by Jenbreie et al [35], and 83% by Tadesse and Jenbere [20] in Ethiopia. Converse findings were also recorded by different earlier studies; for example, a higher prevalence was detected by Chaka et al [36] in Ethiopia with 91.9% seropositivity; lower prevalence was determined by Jordan et al [37] in Trinidad and Tobago, Abdeta et al [38] in Western Ethiopia, and Lemma et al [39] in Eastern Ethiopia with 67.5%, 66.93%, and 51.7% seropositive rates of IBDV antibodies, respectively. Disparities in several risk factors, such as geographical distribution, sample size, sample collection procedure, sample processing system, and sensitivity and specificity of the detection tools, could lead to significant variations between the current study and earlier investigations.…”

Infectious Bursal Disease (Gumboro) in Backyard Chicken in Jordan

“…Poor farm hygiene, biosecurity, age of the flock, insufficient vaccine coverage, production type (closed or open houses), floor type, flock size, farmers' education, and know-how are directly linked with commonly occurring poultry diseases (Carrique-Mas et al, 2019;Islam et al 2021). Abdeta et al (2022) also used indirect ELISA to detect the seroprevalence of IBD in backyard poultry in Ethiopia. They found 66.93% positive samples.…”