Serologic survey for antibodies against three genotypes of bovine parainfluenza 3 virus in unvaccinated ungulates in Alabama

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To determine titers of serum antibodies against 3 genotypes of bovine parainfluenza 3 virus (BPI3V) in unvaccinated ungulates in Alabama. ANIMALS 62 cattle, goats, and New World camelids from 5 distinct herds and 21 captured white-tailed deer. PROCEDURES Serum samples were obtained from all animals for determination of anti-BPI3V antibody titers, which were measured by virus neutralization assays that used indicator (reference) viruses from each of the 3 BPI3V genotypes (BPI3V-A, BPI3V-B, and BPI3V-C). The reference strains were recent clinical isolates from US cattle. Each sample was assayed in triplicate for each genotype. Animals with a mean antibody titer ≤ 2 for a particular genotype were considered seronegative for that genotype. RESULTS Animals seropositive for antibodies against BPI3V were identified in 2 of 3 groups of cattle and the group of New World camelids. The geometric mean antibody titer against BPI3V-B was significantly greater than that for BPI3V-A and BPI3V-C in all 3 groups. All goats, captive white-tailed deer, and cattle in the third cattle group were seronegative for all 3 genotypes of the virus. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that BPI3V-A may no longer be the predominant genotype circulating among ungulates in Alabama. This may be clinically relevant because BPI3V is frequently involved in the pathogenesis of bovine respiratory disease complex, current vaccines contain antigens against BPI3V-A only, and the extent of cross-protection among antibodies against the various BPI3V genotypes is unknown.

Characterisation of the First Bovine Parainfluenza Virus 3 Isolate Detected in Cattle in Turkey

“…BPIV-3 is an enveloped, nonsegmented, negative-sense and single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Respirovirus genus in the family Paramyxoviridae [4,5]. The genome of BPIV-3 consist of approximately 15,500 bases encoding six large open reading frames (ORFs) that encode six proteins, including the nucleocapsid protein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), hemagglutinin/neuraminidase (HN), fusion protein (F) and large protein (L) [6].…”

“…BPIV-3 has been serologically detected in several domestic and free-ranging ungulates, including cattle, goats, sheep, camels and new-world camelids [5]. Cross-species infections have been reported in numerous instances, including BPIV-3 in sheep [10] and humans [11].…”

“…Cattle infected with BPIV-3 are generally co-infected with other viral and bacterial pathogens ( Mycoplasma bovis, Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, etc.). This indicates that BPIV-3 may be immunosuppressive and pave the way for secondary infections [5]. In spite of serological evidence in cattle and small ruminants, to date there have been no reported BPIV-3 isolations from cattle in Turkey.…”

A serosurvey for bovine respirovirus 3 in Turkish domestic ruminants: The first comparison study of A and C genotypes

“…Genome length is more than 15,000 nt and comprises six genes encoding nine proteins. Among these nine proteins, the Hemagglutinin‐Neuraminidase (HN) and fusion envelope proteins are responsible for viral attachment and penetration (Newcomer et al., 2017; Zhu et al., 2011). Although there is an antigenic similarity among BPIV‐3 isolates, the nucleotide level reveals viral diversity; three distinct genotypes (A, B and C) that are difficult to clinically differentiate have been described, and subgenotypes may occur (Ellis, 2010).…”

Epidemiological investigation and phylogenetic analysis of caprine parainfluenza virus type 3 in sheep of China

“…Caprine parainfluenza virus type 3 (CPIV3) is an enveloped, single‐strand negative sense RNA virus. Together with human parainfluenza virus type 1 and 3 (HPIV1 and HPIV3, respectively), bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3) and Sendai virus, they belong to the Respirovirus genus of the Paramyxoviridae family (Kim et al., ; Newcomer et al., ). CPIV3 is reported as one of the major viral respiratory pathogens in goats (Li et al., ).…”