Sequentially Deposited Antimony-Doped CH₃NH₃PbI₃ Films in Inverted Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells with a High Open-Circuit Voltage

Abstract

We introduce antimony-doped hybrid perovskite compounds in planar inverted solar cells. Here, we report in-depth and systematic studies on the formation of the perovskite layer through a modified two-step spin-coat method. In this method, the “loading time” of CH3NH3I on a “wet” PbI2 layer was varied in achieving a complete conversion to the perovskite material. The “loading time” that in turn also controlled morphology of the perovskite layer along with the antimony content in perovskite compounds was varied to optimize the solar cell performances. The effect of dopant content has affected the band diagram, which was drawn from density of states of the components as derived from their scanning tunneling spectroscopy. The solar cell parameters were then correlated with the experimental band diagram of the heterojunctions. In Cu@NiO|CH3NH3Pb0.92Sb0.08I3|PCBM p–i–n heterojunctions, we have achieved a high open-circuit voltage of 1.13 V with an energy conversion efficiency of 12.8%. The solar cell parameters have been correlated with junction properties, which have been studied through in-depth analysis of diode characteristics.

Lead‐Less Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

“…The year after, Chatterjee et al developed a modified two‐step method to fabricate efficient ITO/NiOx/MAPb 1− x Sb x I 3 /PCBM/Al PSCs. [ 44 ] In a classic two‐step method, MAI is dropped on a dried PbI 2 layer (Section 2.3.2). The authors dropped MAI on a wet PbI 2 .…”

“…Other materials such as group 2, 13, 14, and 15 elements and transition‐metal elements are also promising candidates for partial substitution of lead in PSCs. [ 44–48 ]…”

Band‐Engineered PbS Nanoparticles in CH3NH3PbI3 Solar Cells to Extend Activity Toward Near‐Infrared Region

“…Band‐alignment at the hole‐collecting interface, that is, HTL/MAPbI 3 , needs attention for hole‐transports without any energy barrier. Following our earlier report on differential tunnel conductance and thereby DOS of the MAPbI 3 and transport‐layers in general, we could draw the energy‐level diagram of the complete device, namely, Cu@NiO/MAPbI 3 /Bi@PbS/PCBM for a 3% bismuth content. As can be seen from the diagram (Figure b), the 4% Bi@PbS would form a type‐I band‐alignment with PCBM.…”

Nontoxic and Less Toxic Hybrid Perovskites: a Synergistic Strategy for Sustainable Photovoltaic Devices

“…Similar to the above results, further increasing the Sb contents (up to 4%), the PCE of a device was reduced to 12.4%, which was even smaller than the PCE (13.1%) of pure MAPbI 3 perovskite. Subsequently, Chatterjee et al [ 90 ] reported Sb‐doped less toxic HPVKs (MAPb 1− x Sb x I 3 ). It was revealed both theoretically and experimentally that Sb doping altered the band structure of the perovskites, which was correlated with the improved device performance.…”