The remarkable optoelectronic properties and considerable performance of the organo lead‐halide perovskites (PVKs) in various optoelectronic applications grasp tremendous scientific attention. However, the existence of the toxic lead in these compounds is threatening human health and remains a major concern in the way of their commercialization. To address this issue, numerous nontoxic alternatives have been reported. Among these alternatives, bismuth‐based PVKs have emerged as a promising substitute because of similar optoelectronic properties and extended environmental stability. This work communicates briefly about the possible lead‐alternatives and explores bismuth‐based perovskites comprehensively, in terms of their structures, optoelectronic properties, and applications. A brief description of lead‐toxification is provided and the possible Pb‐alternatives from the periodic table are scrutinized. Then, the classification and crystal structures of various Bi‐based perovskites are elaborated on. Detailed optoelectronic properties of Bi‐based perovskites are also described and their optoelectronic applications are abridged. The overall photovoltaic applications along with device characteristics (i.e.,
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OC
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, fill factor, FF, and power conversion efficiency, PCE), fabrication method, device architecture, and operational stability are also summarized. Finally, a conclusion is drawn where a brief outlook highlights the challenges that hamper the future progress of Bi‐based optoelectronic devices and suggestions for future directions are provided.
Dual-ion electrolytes with oxygen ion and proton-conducting properties are among the innovative solid oxide electrolytes, which exhibit a low Ohmic resistance at temperatures below 550 °C. Ba-Co 0.4 Fe 0.4 Zr 0.1 Y 0.1 O 3−δ with a perovskite-phase cathode has demonstrated efficient triple-charge conduction (H + /O 2− /e − ) in a high-performance lowtemperature solid oxide fuel cell (LT-SOFC). Here, we designed another type of triple-charge conducting perovskite oxide based on Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co 0.1 Fe 0.7 Zr 0.1 Y 0.1 O 3−δ (BSCFZY), which formed a heterostructure with ionic conductor Ca 0.04 Ce 0.80 Sm 0.16 O 2−δ (SCDC), showing both a high ionic conductivity of 0.22 S cm −1 and an excellent power output of 900 mW cm −2 in a hybrid-ion LT-SOFC. In addition to demonstrating that a heterostructure BSCFZY−SCDC can be a good functional electrolyte, the existence of hybrid H + /O 2− conducting species in BSCFZY−SCDC was confirmed. The heterointerface formation between BSCFZY and SCDC can be explained by energy band alignment, which was verified through UV−vis spectroscopy and UV photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). The interface may help in providing a pathway to enhance the ionic conductivities and to avoid short-circuiting. Various characterization techniques are used to probe the electrochemical and physical properties of the material containing dual-ion characteristics. The results indicate that the triple-charge conducting electrolyte is a potential candidate to further reduce the operating temperature of SOFC while simultaneously maintaining high performance. KEYWORDS: triple-charge conduction, Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co 0.1 Fe 0.7 Zr 0.1 Y 0.1 O 3−δ (BSCFZY) perovskite, semiconductor−ion heterostructure, Schottky junction, dual-ion conductivity, band alignment
The formation mechanism of the all-inorganic halide perovskite (AIHP)-related (e.g., CsPbBr3, Cs4PbBr6, and CsPb2Br5) nanocrystals have been studied, which is helpful to realize rational design of AIHP-related nanocrystals.
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