“…The present research suggests that the flanker task is not suited for studying the type of sequential performance adjustments that are predicted by the conflict-control loop theory (Botvinick et al, 2001). This conclusion notwithstanding, brain imaging studies have yielded strong support for the predictions of the conflictcontrol loop theory regarding sequential effects on anterior cingulate cortex and prefrontal cortex activity-in both the flanker task and other conflict paradigms (e.g., Botvinick et al, 1999;Durston et al, 2003;Kerns et al, 2004;Nieuwenhuis, Yeung, Van den Wildenberg, & Ridderinkhof, 2003; but see Burle, Allain, Vidal, & Hasbroucq, 2005). An important question for future research is how this apparent discrepancy between behavioral and brain imaging findings can be resolved.…”