Lead is a highly toxic metal, which can persist in the natural environment and enrich in biological bodies. It can cause many severe diseases in the human body even at extremely low concentration. Here, we developed a new biosensor using single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) modified with a specific Pbzyme (Pbzyme/SWNTs/FET) to detect lead ion (Pb2+), which can monitor the lead pollution. This biosensor used 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane to immobilize SWNTs on the area between the source and the drain of single‐gap microelectrode (FET), and the duplex DNA (Pbzyme) consisted of DNAzyme (GR‐5) and complementary DNA (CS‐DNA) was functionalized with the SWNTs’ surface through a peptide bond. The use of GR‐5 DANzyme and Pb2+ to form a stable complex structure to cleave the CS‐DNA can change radically the Pbzyme's structure on the SWNTs’ surface, which will further affect the number of carriers in SNWTs and the conductivity of the Pbzyme/SWNTs/FET. The change in conductivity can be used to evaluate the Pb2+ concentration. Under the optimal conditions, the relative resistances presented a positive correlation with the Pb2+ concentrations, showing a good linear relationship in the range of 10 pM to 50 nM, where the linear regression equation was y=10.104log [CPb]+5.8656, and the detection limit was 7.4 pM. Finally, the biosensor was applied to measure the Pb2+ contents in the soil collected from the forest grass green belt and paint, and the results were compared with the results of atomic fluorescence spectrometry.