Separating conscious and unconscious influences of memory: Measuring recollection.

Jacoby, Larry L.; Toth, Jeffrey P.; Yonelinas, Andrew P.

doi:10.1037/0096-3445.122.2.139

Cited by 766 publications

(901 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…However, little is known about the brain substrates of these alterations. In this study, the PDP (Jacoby, 1991;Jacoby et al, 1993) was applied to a word-pair memory task and administered to mild AD patients and healthy older participants in an fMRI scanner to 26 identify the cerebral substrates of associative controlled aspects of recollection and of item familiarity in AD. Our procedure does not exclude (but did not evaluate) other aspects such as subjective experience and contextual retrieval to be engaged during memory retrieval.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the principles of the PDP (Jacoby, 1991;Jacoby et al, 1993), intact pairs represent the inclusion condition because item familiarity and associative CER lead to the same answer ('old') whereas recombined pairs represent the exclusion condition because item familiarity and CER of the pair lead to different answers ('old' and 'new', respectively). The contribution of pairs' CER and item familiarity processes can be assessed on the basis of the participants' performance in the two conditions.…”

Section: Behavioural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process dissociation procedure (PDP) allows one to meticulously assess controlled and automatic processes within a single memory task (Jacoby, 2 1991;Jacoby et al, 1993). This procedure focuses on the controlled episodic retrieval (CER) aspect of the recollection function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Item familiarity and controlled associative retrieval in Alzheimer's disease: An fMRI study

Genon

Collette

Feyers

et al. 2013

Cortex

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Typical Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by an impaired form of associative memory, recollection, that includes the controlled retrieval of associations. In contrast, familiarity-based memory for individual items may sometimes be preserved in the early stages of the disease. This is the first study that directly examines whole brain regional activity during one core aspect of the recollection function: associative controlled episodic retrieval (CER), contrasted to item familiarity in AD patients. Cerebral activity related to associative CER and item familiarity in AD patients and healthy controls (HC) was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging during a word-pair recognition task to which the process dissociation procedure was applied. Some patients had null CER estimates (AD-), whereas others did show some CER abilities (AD+), although significantly less than HC. In contrast, familiarity estimates were equivalent in the three groups. In AD+, as in controls, associative CER activated the inferior precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). When performing group comparisons, no region was found to be significantly more activated during CER in HC than AD+ and vice versa. However, during associative CER, functional connectivity between this region and the hippocampus, the inferior parietal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was significantly higher in HC than in AD+. In all three groups, item familiarity was related to activation along the intraparietal sulcus (IPS). In conclusion, whereas the preserved automatic detection of an old item (without retrieval of accurate word association) is related to parietal activation centred on the IPS, the inferior precuneus/PCC supports associative CER ability in AD patients, as in HC. However, AD patients have deficient functional connectivity during associative CER, suggesting that the residual recollection function in these patients might be impoverished by the lack of some recollection-related aspects such as autonoetic quality, episodic details and verification.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Behavioural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Item familiarity and controlled associative retrieval in Alzheimer's disease: An fMRI study

Genon

Collette

Feyers

et al. 2013

Cortex

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“…These results are consistent with the hypothesis that cross-modal priming depends on recoding processes that require normal verbal production abilities. Alternatively, it has been suggested cross-modal priming may be attributable to the influence of explicit memory processes (e.g., Jacoby, Toth & Yonelinas, 1993;Köhler et al, 1997). If cross-modal explicit memory is impaired in the patient group compared to the control group, such impairment could play a role in the reduced cross-modal priming observed in Experiment 2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Modal Priming and Explicit Memory in Patients with Verbal Production Deficits

Curran

Schacter

Galluccio

1999

Brain and Cognition

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Implicit memory is often thought to reflect an influence of past experience on perceptual processes, yet priming effects are found when the perceptual format of stimuli changes between study and test episodes. Such cross-modal priming effects have been hypothesized to depend upon stimulus recoding processes whereby a stimulus presented in one modality is converted to other perceptual formats. The present research examined recoding accounts of cross-modal priming by testing patients with verbal production deficits that presumably impair the conversion of visual words into auditory/phonological forms. The patients showed normal priming in a visual stem completion task following visual study (Experiment 1), but showed impairments following auditory study in both implicit (Experiment 2) and explicit (Experiment 3) stem completion. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that verbal production processes contribute to the recoding of visual stimuli and support cross-modal priming. The results also indicate that shared processes contribute to both explicit memory and cross-modal implicit memory. © 1999 Academic Press Implicit memory occurs when behavior is affected by previous experience without intentional, conscious recollection of that experience (Roediger & McDermott, 1993;Schacter, 1987). Perceptual or data-driven implicit memory tasks are those in which memory is cued by a stimulus that is physically related to the target stimulus. For example, in word-stem completion, participants might study the word TRUCK then their memory would be cued indirectly by asking them to complete three-letter stems including TRU . Per-

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“…5 The GLM analysis compared the performance of the two diagnostic groups (the between-subjects factor) in the three word categories (the withinsubject factor). We predicted that there would be a dissociation between the results of the priming and those of the free-recall tests (e.g., Jacoby, Toth, & Yonelinas, 1993;Mitchell & Brown, 1988) and did not expect group effects or interactions for the free-recall test.…”

Section: Analysis Of Free-recall Testmentioning

confidence: 97%

Enhanced Priming for Trauma-Related Material in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Michael

Ehlers

Halligan

2005

Emotion

102

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Intrusive reexperiencing in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked to perceptual priming for trauma-related material. A prospective longitudinal study (N ϭ 69) investigated perceptual priming for trauma-related, general threat, and neutral words in assault survivors with and without PTSD, using a new version of the word-stem completion task. Survivors with PTSD showed enhanced priming for trauma-related words. Furthermore, priming for trauma-related words measured soon after the trauma was associated with subsequent PTSD severity at 3, 6, and 9 months. The enhanced priming effect was specific to trauma-related words. Enhanced perceptual priming for traumatic material appears to be one of the cognitive processes operating in PTSD.

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Separating conscious and unconscious influences of memory: Measuring recollection.

Cited by 766 publications

References 65 publications

Item familiarity and controlled associative retrieval in Alzheimer's disease: An fMRI study

Item familiarity and controlled associative retrieval in Alzheimer's disease: An fMRI study

Cross-Modal Priming and Explicit Memory in Patients with Verbal Production Deficits

Enhanced Priming for Trauma-Related Material in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

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