Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping of the Gastrointestinal Tract by Using Invisible Light

Soltesz, Edward G.; Kim, Sungjee; Kim, Sang–Wook; Laurence, Rita G.; Grand, Alec M. De; Parungo, Cherie P.; Cohn, Lawrence H.; Bawendi, Moungi G.; Frangioni, John V.

doi:10.1245/aso.2006.04.025

Cited by 124 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Optical imaging using NIR fluorescent lymphatic tracers provides real-time assessment of lymphatic flow from the point of injection to the SLN(s), relatively high sensitivity due to the penetrating ability of NIR photons, and elimination of the need for radioactivity. NIRFI has been validated in large animal models for SLN mapping of skin [16,17], lung [21], esophagus [22], pleural space [22], GI tract [16,21], and spontaneous melanoma [23]. Our study of invasive bladder cancer confirms that the anatomy of lymphatic flow is highly variable among individuals, and can involve structures such as the urachus and presacral nodes, and that SLN mapping must be performed on an individual basis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping of Invasive Urinary Bladder Cancer in Animal Models Using Invisible Light

Knapp¹,

Adams²,

DeGrand

et al. 2007

European Urology

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Objectives-With conventional methodology, sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping of invasive urinary bladder cancer is technically challenging. This study was performed to determine the utility of invisible, near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) light for patient-specific SLN mapping, in real time under complete image guidance.Methods-Lymphatic tracers, injection volume, NIRF excitation fluence rate, light collection of emitted fluorescence, and degree of bladder distension were systematically optimized in normal dogs and pigs. SLN mapping was then performed in pet dogs with naturally occurring invasive transitional cell carcinoma (InvTCC) of the urinary bladder, which closely mimics the human disease.Results-NIRF albumin (hydrodynamic diameter [HD], 7.4 nm) and NIRF quantum dots (15-20 nm HD) injected into the bladder wall resulted in identification of draining lymph nodes (LNs) in under 3 min. In both species, considerable variability in the lymphatic drainage was observed among individuals. Optimal SLN mapping was achieved with the use of superficial, serosal injection of NIRF tracer, with the bladder distended to an intraluminal pressure of 20-40 cm H 2 O. In dogs with InvTCC, NIRF tracers identified SLNs that were confirmed histologically to harbor metastases.Conclusions-The use of invisible NIRF light permits real-time, patient-specific identification of SLNs that drain bladder cancer. Intraluminal bladder pressure is a key parameter that needs to be controlled for optimal results. KeywordsBladder cancer; Fluorescence; Intraoperative imaging; Sentinel lymph node mapping * Corresponding author. Purdue University, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Lynn Hall of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison St, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2026. Tel.765-494-9900; Fax: 765-496-1108. E-mail address: knappd@purdue.edu (D.W. Knapp). Take-home message This article describes successful use of intraoperative near-infrared light to identify sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) draining invasive urinary bladder cancer in animals. This technology will permit studies of a new approach to identify SLNs at the time of cystectomy.Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping of Invasive Urinary Bladder Cancer in Animal Models Using Invisible Light

Knapp¹,

Adams²,

DeGrand

et al. 2007

European Urology

Self Cite

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“…QDs may possess significant advantages over current methods to label transplanted cells, which have been hampered by both safety issues (e.g., the use of engineered viruses as vectors) and the ability of cells to reliably and permanently express a given factor (e.g., the use of liposomes or naked DNA). Experiments outside of the nervous system have demonstrated that QDs may be superior in certain human diagnostic clinical applications such as the identification of tumor-positive sentinel lymph nodes (Kim et al, 2004;Soltesz et al, 2005Soltesz et al, , 2006. Our in vivo demonstration of the lack of toxicity using the developing embryo and nervous system support the further exploration of QDs as diagnostic and therapeutic tools for human disease.…”

Section: Applications Of Qdsmentioning

confidence: 59%

In vivo quantum dot labeling of mammalian stem and progenitor cells

Slotkin

Chakrabarti

Dai

et al. 2007

Developmental Dynamics

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“…Recently, there have been clinical imaging studies using the FDA-approved dye indocyanine green (ICG) for detection of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with gastric, 15 intrathoracic, 16,17 and lung cancer. 18 Surgical oncologists are currently investigating mapping regional metastasis by fluorescent optical imaging using ICG, noncovalently bound to human serum albumin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescent labeled anti‐EGFR antibody for identification of regional and distant metastasis in a preclinical xenograft model

et al. 2008

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Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping of the Gastrointestinal Tract by Using Invisible Light

Cited by 124 publications

References 20 publications

Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping of Invasive Urinary Bladder Cancer in Animal Models Using Invisible Light

Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping of Invasive Urinary Bladder Cancer in Animal Models Using Invisible Light

In vivo quantum dot labeling of mammalian stem and progenitor cells

Fluorescent labeled anti‐EGFR antibody for identification of regional and distant metastasis in a preclinical xenograft model

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