Sensitivity and toxic mode of action of dietary organic and inorganic selenium in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Berntssen, Marc H.G.; Sundal, T.K.; Olsvik, Pål A.; Amlund, Heidi; Rasinger, Josef Daniel; Sele, Veronika; Hamre, Kristin; Hillestad, Marie; Buttle, L.; Ørnsrud, Robin

doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.09.014

Cited by 56 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…In the present study, the whole body composition was not af- (Berntssen et al, 2017). A previous study also showed that the whole body crude fat content was decreased and then increased with the increasing dietary Se in juvenile grass carp (Liu et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 43%

“…Similar results were found in blunt snout bream, common carp and yellowtail kingfish that the proximate compositions of the fishes were not sensitive to dietary selenium concentrations (Ashouri, Keyvanshokooh, Salati, Johari, & Pasha‐Zanoosi, ; Guang xia et al, ; Le & Fotedar, ). Nevertheless, a recent metabolomics study on Atlantic salmon implied that dietary Se may affect the abundance of pathway alteration in lipid metabolism (Berntssen et al, ). A previous study also showed that the whole body crude fat content was decreased and then increased with the increasing dietary Se in juvenile grass carp (Liu et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimum selenium requirement of juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

et al. 2019

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A feeding experiment was conducted to determine the optimum selenium requirement in juvenile Nile tilapia. Each of six purified diets with Se‐methionine levels at 0.05, 0.21, 0.41, 0.57, 0.79 and 1.00 mg/kg was assayed in triplicate with initial body weight of 3.00 ± 0.01 g for 8 weeks. The growth of fish was obviously increased when the dietary Se was less than 0.57 mg/kg diet and reached a plateau when the dietary Se was ≥0.57 mg/kg. Serum and hepatopancreatic glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity increased markedly when the dietary Se was less than 0.57 mg/kg, but then decreased when the dietary Se was higher than 0.57 mg/kg. The malondialdehyde contents in hepatopancreas were significantly decreased when the dietary Se was higher than 0.79 mg/kg. No significant differences were observed in hepatopancreatic total antioxidant capability (T‐AOC) among the groups (p > .05). The results of this study indicated that Se addition as Se‐methionine was essential, while both the deficiency and excess levels of dietary Se would cause negative effects on growth or antioxidant capability in juvenile Nile tilapia. Based on broken‐line regression of WG and piecewise regression of liver GPx, the optimum requirement of Se for juvenile Nile tilapia is 0.57 mg/kg diet.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 43%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum selenium requirement of juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

et al. 2019

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“…Signs of Se toxicity in fish include reduced growth and feed intake, increased oxidative stress or disturbance of fatty acid metabolism (Berntssen et al, ). Whereas some species can even tolerate levels of up to 20.5 mg Se/kg (as selenomethionine) without presenting symptoms of toxicity, as is the case of white sturgeon ( Acipenser transmontanus ; Tashjian et al, ), others show toxic signs at dietary Se doses of 9 or 9.6 mg Se/kg as juvenile rainbow trout (as sodium selenite) or chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha fed selenomethionine; Hamilton, ), and 11 or 15 mg Se/kg (as sodium selenite or selenium yeast) as Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar , Berntssen et al, , ). In the present study, inclusion of dietary Se at 1.70 mg Se/kg resulted in a reduced growth, oxidative status and altered liver morphology, symptoms found in fish affected by Se toxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results are in agreement with the increased cat activity associated with high Se levels in common carp (fed Se nanoparticles or a commercial diet, Ashouri et al, 2015;Elia et al, 2011), meagre (fed selenium yeast, Mansour et al, 2017), goldfish (Carasius orates exposed to Se, Choi et al, 2015) and in vitro rainbow trout hepatocytes (Misra et al, 2012). Indeed, oxidative stress is one of the main causes of TA B L E 3 Survival (%), standard length (cm), body weight (g), weight gain, SGR (%) and TGC (‰) along the trial of gilthead sea bream fed increasing dietary Se levels for 42 days (means ± SD, n = 3) Se toxicity (Hauser-Davis et al, 2016) and has been related to its capacity to oxidize thiols in protein formation or create Se metabolites that originate reactive oxygen species (Berntssen et al, 2017). Therefore, supplementation with 1.70 mg Se/kg indicates a toxic effect on sea bream as denoted by the pronounced increase in cat expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Selenium is one of the elements with a smaller window between requirement and toxicity levels (Khan et al, 2017). Signs of Se toxicity in fish include reduced growth and feed intake, increased oxidative stress or disturbance of fatty acid metabolism (Berntssen et al, 2017). Whereas some species can even tolerate levels of up to 20.5 mg Se/kg (as selenomethionine) without presenting symptoms of toxicity, as is the case of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus; Tashjian et al, 2006), others show toxic signs at dietary Se doses of 9 or 9.6 mg Se/kg as juvenile rainbow trout (as sodium selenite) or chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha fed selenomethionine; Hamilton, 2004), and 11 or 15 mg Se/kg (as sodium selenite or selenium yeast) as Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, Berntssen et al, 2017Berntssen et al, , 2018 Hydropic degeneration 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 47 ± 45 Hyperaemia 7 ± 15 33 ± 41 13 ± 25 7 ± 15 7 ± 15…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimum selenium levels in diets high in plant‐based feedstuffs for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fingerlings

et al. 2019

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Substitution of marine ingredients (FM‐FO) by plant protein and oil sources can modify selenium (Se) levels in feeds. Se plays an important role in the antioxidative defence by forming part of selenoproteins. Se requirements of gilthead sea bream are not accurately determined; therefore, this study was conducted to define Se supplementation levels in low FM‐FO practical diets for sea bream fingerlings. A plant‐based diet containing 0.45 mg Se/kg diet was used as the basal diet. Four other diets were supplemented to contain 0.68, 0.86, 1.00 or 1.70 mg Se/kg diet, supplied as sodium selenite. Sea bream, weighing 12.6 ± 1.4 g, were distributed in triplicate groups per diet and fed for 42 days. Se supplementation up to 1.00 mg Se/kg significantly improved the growth of sea bream, whereas further increase up to 1.70 mg Se/kg diet reduced growth. The results of this study suggest that the optimum dietary levels of sodium selenite in diets with low FM‐FO with basal levels of 0.45 mg Se/kg are around 0.94 mg Se/kg to promote growth of gilthead sea bream juveniles. On the contrary, dietary levels of 1.70 mg Se/kg were found to be excessive and caused growth reduction, increased catalase expression and hydropic degeneration in the liver.

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Influence of selenium on the mycelia of the shaggy bracket fungus, Inonotus hispidus

et al. 2022

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BACKGROUND: Selenium (Se) is a needed trace element for animals and humans. Many fungi have effective mechanisms to acquire, transform and accumulate Se in organic form. In this study, the effects of inorganic Se (sodium selenite) on the medicinal fungus Inonotus hispidus was investigated. RESULTS: Inonotus hispidus was capable of tolerating up to 3.85 mmol L −1 selenite, at which ∼85% growth inhibition was seen, with 50% growth inhibition occurring at ∼1 mmol L −1 selenite. Growth in 0.29 mmol L −1 Se resulted in I. hispidus mycelium with 115 times higher Se levels compared to growth in standard media, and an organic Se content of 86% to total Se content. The influence of Se accumulation on morphological features of I. hispidus were examined by microscopic and scanning electron microscopic observation. These data revealed significant shrinkage and deformations of I. hispidus hyphae with decreased branching and collapse of clamp connections under higher Se stress. However, conidial production in I. hispidus increased dramatically. The influence of Se on mycelial growth could be recovered by reinoculation in standard media. Se accumulation had only minimal impacts on the yield of the potential selenocompounds such as amino acids, proteins and polysaccharides. By contrast, Se-enriched I. hispidus mycelium was of higher quality due to reduction in crude fat and total ash contents.CONCLUSIONS: These data provide basic and applied information on the feasibility of producing selenized I. hispidus as an enriched and better quality product.

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Sensitivity and toxic mode of action of dietary organic and inorganic selenium in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Cited by 56 publications

References 65 publications

Optimum selenium requirement of juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Optimum selenium requirement of juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Optimum selenium levels in diets high in plant‐based feedstuffs for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fingerlings

Influence of selenium on the mycelia of the shaggy bracket fungus, Inonotus hispidus

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