Current research progress on the mechanism and influencing factors of formaldehyde emission from wood-based panel is reviewed. The formaldehyde analysis and test methods are summarized, putting forward a new idea to research the relevance of formaldehyde emission and the loading ratio of wood-based panel under the combined action of influencing factors. The quantitative indicators of wood-based panel load in a specific space according to the formaldehyde emission requirements are determined, which provide technical precondition support to improve the interior decoration and furniture design.
BACKGROUND: Selenium (Se) is a needed trace element for animals and humans. Many fungi have effective mechanisms to acquire, transform and accumulate Se in organic form. In this study, the effects of inorganic Se (sodium selenite) on the medicinal fungus Inonotus hispidus was investigated. RESULTS: Inonotus hispidus was capable of tolerating up to 3.85 mmol L −1 selenite, at which ∼85% growth inhibition was seen, with 50% growth inhibition occurring at ∼1 mmol L −1 selenite. Growth in 0.29 mmol L −1 Se resulted in I. hispidus mycelium with 115 times higher Se levels compared to growth in standard media, and an organic Se content of 86% to total Se content. The influence of Se accumulation on morphological features of I. hispidus were examined by microscopic and scanning electron microscopic observation. These data revealed significant shrinkage and deformations of I. hispidus hyphae with decreased branching and collapse of clamp connections under higher Se stress. However, conidial production in I. hispidus increased dramatically. The influence of Se on mycelial growth could be recovered by reinoculation in standard media. Se accumulation had only minimal impacts on the yield of the potential selenocompounds such as amino acids, proteins and polysaccharides. By contrast, Se-enriched I. hispidus mycelium was of higher quality due to reduction in crude fat and total ash contents.CONCLUSIONS: These data provide basic and applied information on the feasibility of producing selenized I. hispidus as an enriched and better quality product.
In the context of high-quality development, environmental issues are being paid more and more attention to, and the release of free formaldehyde has become a major problem that needs to be solved. Glueless plywood mainly adopts natural substances as raw materials, without adding chemical products, such as resin adhesives, and it does not contain harmful substances, such as formaldehyde. Glueless plywood is a green product that causes no pollution in the environment and no harm to the human body. In this study, the corresponding weak-phase components in boxwood were pre-delivered by an acidic environmental treatment, and the high-temperature and high-pressure compacting process produced a glueless boxwood panel with excellent water resistance and mechanical properties, while remaining environmentally friendly.
The incidence, intraspecific diversity and toxigenic profile of Bacillus cereus in the Yellow-Water were investigated. Of 50 samples tested, 17 (34%) were contaminated by B. cereus with 3.7 × 10 3 _ 4.9 × 10 3 CFU/mL.
The intraspecific diversity of B. cereus was observed by repetitive (GTG) 5 sequence polymorphism-PCR, with sixsubtypes, and were further discriminated into seven subtypes by 16S-23S rRNA intergenic transcribed spacer. 94%of isolates contained at least 2 toxin genes of nheABC, hblCDA, cytK, entFM and EM1, but 6.0% carried none of them. The detection rates of nheABC, hblCDA, cytK and entFM were 94%, 88%, 46% and 70%, respectively. All isolates with nheABC could produce NHE, but of the isolates harbored hblCDA, 52% was positive for HBL. Only 6.0% isolates possessed EM1 and they were positive for emetic toxin assay. The results suggested that Yellow-Water needs stricter microbial standard as a fermented food flavor enhancer.
Desiccator method is a fast and effective way to measure formaldehyde emissions from wood-based panels. This method is popular in the Chinese furniture industry and testing institutions. It is also an important method for production control due to its characteristics of low cost, fast speed, and simple operation. In order to further increase the measurement speed of the desiccator method, this study focuses on the impact of temperature and time conditions in regard to standard GB/T 17657-2013. The corresponding relationships for the measurement of formaldehyde emissions between the standardized desiccator method and those under different temperature and time conditions were studied. Four different experimental conditions were used: 60 °C for 6 h, 40 °C for 6 h, 43 °C for 4 h, and 45 °C for 4 h. The results showed that under 40 °C for 6 h the formaldehyde emissions measured using desiccator method were about twice as much as those under 20 °C for 24 h, at a correlation coefficient of R = 0.820. Under 45 °C for 4 h, the formaldehyde emissions measured using desiccator method were almost near equilibrium to emissions under 20 °C for 24 h, which was supported by a correlation coefficient of R = 0.955. A corresponding relationship between the formaldehyde emissions measurement results under these two conditions and those under the standardized conditions was observed. This relationship can be applied in the actual production control in the furniture industry in order to shorten the formaldehyde measurement time from 24 h to 6 h and 4 h, which can greatly improve measurement efficiency.
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