Sensitive method for the determination of bisphenol-A in serum using two systems of high-performance liquid chromatography

Sajiki, Junko; Takahashi, Katsuhiro; Yonekubo, Jun

doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00471-5

Cited by 190 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…BPA exposure in humans has not been studied except for one report of serum BPA levels in people. In this study, measurable levels of BPA ranging from < 0.1 to 1.6 ng /ml were found in human serum samples (Sajika et al, 1999 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 50%

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Measurement of bisphenol A levels in human urine

Brock

Yoshimura

Barr

et al. 2001

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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We report a new approach for assessing human exposure to bisphenol A ( BPA ) by measuring BPA in urine after enzymatic deglucuronidation. This method involves addition of 13 C 12 -labeled BPA, enzymatic deconjugation, solid -phase extraction, and derivatization with pentafluorobenzyl bromide. The product of the derivatization is separated by gas chromatography followed by mass spectrometric detection using negative chemical ionization and selected ion monitoring. Using this analysis method, urine samples fortified with both a constant level of labeled BPA and a range of unlabeled BPA levels ( 0.27 -10.6 ng / ml ) demonstrated constant percentage recovery. In addition, a range of urine sample volumes ( 0.25 -10.0 ml ) with constant amounts of added internal standard produced a linear response ( r 2 = 0.99 ) . The method limit of detection was 0.12 ng / ml. This method was validated by duplicate analyses using gas chromatography coupled to a high -resolution mass spectrometer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…We found the methods possessed limitations or were not applicable to human biological samples (Gandara et al, 1993;Del Olmo et al, 1999 ) except for two techniques described in the previously mentioned study ( Sajika et al, 1999 ). These techniques were analyses of BPA in serum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Measurement of bisphenol A levels in human urine

Brock

Yoshimura

Barr

et al. 2001

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…Seventeen studies have measured BPA in blood and serum samples from healthy male and nonpregnant female adults (Dirtu et al 2008;Fung et al 2000;He et al 2009;Hiroi et al 2004;Ikezuki et al 2002;Inoue et al 2000Inoue et al , 2001Kaddar et al 2009;Kuroda et al 2003;Liu et al 2007;Sajiki et al 1999;Sugiura-Ogasawara et al 2005;Takeuchi and Tsutsumi 2002;Takeuchi et al 2004;Volkel et al 2005;Yang M et al 2009;Yoshimura et al 2002) (Table 3). Of these studies, five used ELISA, one used a radioimmunoassay (RIA), and the remainder used analytical chemistry to assess BPA concentrations.…”

Section: Internal Dosage Assessment From Blood Measures Of Bpamentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary, Circulating, and Tissue Biomonitoring Studies Indicate Widespread Exposure to Bisphenol A

Vandenberg

Chahoud

Heindel³

et al. 2012

Ciênc. saúde coletiva

332

331

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Estudos de biomonitoração do sistema urinário, circulatório e tecidos indicam grande exposição ao Bisfenol A Resumo Bisfenol A (BPA) é um dos produtos quí-micos mais produzido em todo o mundo, e a exposição humana a ele é considerada onipresente. Assim, há preocupações de que a quantidade de BPA para o qual os seres humanos estão expostos podem causar efeitos adversos à saúde. Nós examinamos muitas possibilidades sobre o porquê estudos de biomonitorização e toxicocinética podem chegar a conclusões aparentemente conflitantes. Mais de 80 estudos publicados de biomonitorização humana que mediram a concentração de BPA em tecidos humanos, urina, sangue e outros fluidos, juntamente com dois estudos de toxicocinéti-ca do metabolismo humano BPA foram examinados. BPA não conjugado foi detectado no sangue (nonanogramas por mililitro gama), e BPA conjugado foi detectado na grande maioria das amostras de urina. Em contraste, estudos de toxico-cinética propuseram que os seres humanos não são internamente expostos ao BPA. Dados disponíveis de estudos de biomonitorização indicam que a população em geral está exposta ao BPA e em risco de exposição interna ao BPA não conjugado. Os dois estudos de toxicocinética, que sugeriram a exposição humana ao BPA é insignificante, têm deficiências significativas e estão diretamente refutados por outros estudos e, portanto não são confiáveis para fins de avaliação de risco. Palavras-chave Disruptor endócrino, Exposição humana, Modelo PBPK/PBTK, Gravidez, Avaliação de risco, Toxicocinética Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest-volume chemicals produced worldwide, and human exposure to BPA is thought to be ubiquitous. Thus, there are concerns that the amount of BPA to which humans are exposed may cause adverse health effects. We examined many possibilities for why biomonitoring and toxicokinetic studies could come to seemingly conflicting conclusions. More than 80 published human biomonitoring studies that measured BPA concentrations in human tissues, urine, blood, and other fluids, along with two toxicokinetic studies of human BPA metabolism were examined. Unconjugated BPA was routinely detected in blood (in the nanograms per milliliter range), and conjugated BPA was routinely detected in the vast majority of urine samples (also in the nanograms per milliliter range). In stark contrast, toxicokinetic studies proposed that humans are not internally exposed to BPA. Available data from biomonitoring studies clearly indicate that the general population is exposed to BPA and is at risk from internal exposure to unconjugated BPA. The two toxicokinetic studies that suggested human BPA exposure is negligible have significant deficiencies, are directly contradicted by hypothesis-driven studies, and are therefore not reliable for risk assessment purposes.

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“…Sajiki et al reported the BPA concentrations in human plasma to be 0.59 ± 0.21 ng/ml for men and 0.33 ± 0.54 ng/ml for women. 4 Inoue et al detected trace amounts of NP from healthy human plasma. 5 Exposure of fetuses and infants seems to be the most serious issue among the various problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Bisphenol A and 4-Nonylphenol in Human Milk Using Alkaline Digestion and Cleanup by Solid-Phase Extraction

2003

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A highly sensitive and selective method based on alkaline digestion for the simultaneous determination of bisphenol A (BPA) and 4-nonylphenol (NP) was developed. The method consists of digestion of the matrix with ethanolic KOH, extraction with diethyl ether under a mild alkaline condition, cleaning with successive aminopropyl (NH2) cartridges and derivatization followed by a GC-MS analysis. The assay accuracies, expressed as recoveries, were 82 -113% for BPA and 89 -97% for NP. The limits of detection of BPA and NP were 0.09 ng/g and 0.50 ng/g, respectively. The procedure will be reliable for the trace analysis of BPA and NP in human milk, since alkaline digestion can diminish their documented association with protein.

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Sensitive method for the determination of bisphenol-A in serum using two systems of high-performance liquid chromatography

Cited by 190 publications

References 22 publications

Measurement of bisphenol A levels in human urine

Measurement of bisphenol A levels in human urine

Urinary, Circulating, and Tissue Biomonitoring Studies Indicate Widespread Exposure to Bisphenol A

Determination of Bisphenol A and 4-Nonylphenol in Human Milk Using Alkaline Digestion and Cleanup by Solid-Phase Extraction

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