Sensitive and Selective Detection of HIV-1 RRE RNA Using Vertical Silicon Nanowire Electrode Array

Abstract

In this study, HIV-1 Rev response element (RRE) RNA was detected via an Au-coated vertical silicon nanowire electrode array (VSNEA). The VSNEA was fabricated by combining bottom-up and top-down approaches and then immobilized by artificial peptides for the recognition of HIV-1 RRE. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) analysis was used to measure the electrochemical response of the peptide-immobilized VSNEA to the concentration and types of HIV-1 RRE RNA. DPV peaks showed linearity to the concentration of RNA with a detection limit down to 1.513 fM. It also showed the clear different peaks to the mutated HIV-1 RRE RNA. The high sensitivity and selectivity of VSNEA for the detection of HIV-1 RRE RNA may be attributed to the high surface-to-volume ratio and total overlap diffusion mode of ions of the one-dimensional nanowire electrodes.

Nanosilicon-Based Composites for (Bio)sensing Applications: Current Status, Advantages, and Perspectives

“…Therefore, different nano-Si/metal nanocomposites (MNps) have been widely employed for rationally designing and fabricating high-performance (bio)sensors for the detection of various chemical and biological species [144]. The deposition of metal nanoparticles/nanofilms over all types of nano-Si can be implemented by the following techniques: (i) magnetron sputtering [31,51,145,146,147,148,149]; (ii) immersion, chemical, and electrochemical depositions [13,20,27,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170]; (iii) thermal evaporation [32,44,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179]; and (vi) laser ablation technique/pulsed laser deposition [180,181].…”

“…Nowadays, nano-Si/MNps nanocomposites have been utilized for (bio)sensors based on SERS [12,20,31,32,51,145,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,165,168,173,175,176,177,178,182,183,184], optical [13,44,158,164,167,171,180], and electrical [27,146,148,156,159,160,161,162,166,169,170,172,173,179,181,185,186] responses. Among all of these approaches, SERS of MNps decorated nano-Si is extensively exploited as the most efficient spectroscopic phenomenon for high-sensitive sensing.…”

Electrochemical detection of HIV-1 by nanomaterials

“…The vertical silicon nanowire electrode array (VSNEA) was fabricated and coated with thin layer of Au (Lee et al 2016). Then, the peptide was immobilized on VSNEA surface by covalent interaction using cysteine (Figure 11) (Lee et al 2016). Finally, CV and DPV measurements were performed for detection of HIV-1 Rev response element RNA.…”

Nanobiosensing with Arrays and Ensembles of Nanoelectrodes

“…In some cases, the functionalization of nanowire electrodes was performed. For instance, Au-coated silicon nanowires were functionalized with artificial peptides to detect RNA as response element for HIV-1 diagnostics [ 116 ]. Anti prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was electrodeposited with polypyrrole on 3D-gold nanowires to develop a label free immunosensor for PSA antigen [ 117 ].…”