Semiquantitative Interference Study of Fatty Layer of Precorneal Film

Norn, M. S.

doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1979.tb01842.x

Cited by 119 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Apesar dessa diferença, ainda hoje considera-se incerto se a dinâmica do filme lacrimal varia em função da idade na população normal (20) . Mathers et al mostraram correlação entre idade e evaporação, volume, drenagem e osmolaridade da lágrima (21) , mas essa relação não foi encontrada por Craig (22) e em outros artigos de renovação (23) e evaporação da lágrima (6,24) e em trabalhos que estudaram a função da camada lipídica (25) .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Superfície ocular e hepatite C

Gomes¹,

Marques²,

Albers³

et al. 2011

Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.

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RESUMOObjetivos: Avaliar os resultados dos testes utilizados para o diagnóstico de olho seco em portadores do vírus da hepatite C, e verificar se há relação entre a duração conhecida da doença e a intensidade das alterações da superfície ocular. Métodos: Foram avaliados 25 pacientes portadores do vírus da hepatite C não tratados e 29 indivíduos com testes sorológicos negativos para hepatite C. Nos dois grupos, foi realizada a mesma sequência de exames: biomicroscopia, teste de cristalização da lágrima, tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal, avaliação da córnea com fluoresceína, teste de Schirmer I, avaliação da córnea e conjuntiva com corante rosa bengala e estesiometria da córnea. Os pacientes também foram questionados com relação ao tempo conhecido de infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C. Resultados: O grupo com hepatite C apresentou valor menor que o encontrado nos indivíduos sem hepatite C, no teste de Schirmer I tanto para o olho direito (p=0,0162) como esquerdo (p=0,0265). Para o tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal verificou-se média inferior no grupo com hepatite C nos dois olhos; porém, a diferença apresentou significância estatística apenas no olho esquerdo (p=0,0007), não sendo detectada diferença no olho direito (p=0,0793). Com relação ao dano presente na superfície ocular, verificado pela pontuação no teste de coloração com rosa bengala, observou-se média superior no grupo com hepatite, tanto no olho direito (p=0,0008) como esquerdo (p=0,0034). Os valores obtidos na medida da sensibilidade corneal dos pacientes infectados evidenciaram que a sensibilidade da córnea encontra-se alterada em comparação com a do grupo controle. O teste de cristalização do filme lacrimal não demonstrou diferenças entre ambos os grupos. Não houve correlação entre tempo de infecção pelo vírus e intensidade das alterações. Conclusões: Os resultados indicam que a hepatite C é causa de olho seco. Os mecanismos fisiopatológicos não são conhecidos, mas isso deve servir de alerta para cuidados terapêuticos oculares e futuras pesquisas para elucidar a síndrome sicca na hepatite C e suas relações com síndrome de Sjögren. Descritores INTRODUÇÃOO filme lacrimal desempenha diversas funções essenciais à homeostase da superfície ocular ao fornecer oxigênio para a córnea e a conjuntiva, promover a renovação celular e remover debris, produtos do metabolismo celular e micro-organismos, além de outras partículas da superfície dos olhos. Também regulariza o epitélio da córnea, sendo portanto, importante interface refrativa (1) .Dentre as diversas doenças que afetam o segmento anterior do olho, uma das mais prevalentes na prática clínica é o olho seco (2)(3) .

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Superfície ocular e hepatite C

Gomes¹,

Marques²,

Albers³

et al. 2011

Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.

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“…5,11,17,[19][20][21] We have now evaluated the overall aqueous and lipid kinetics of the tear film, as well as measured the thickness of the lipid layer by tear interferometry, revealing the balance between the lipid and aqueous layers of the tear film, 11,15,22,23 in individuals with dry eye disease. Our results indicate that the interferometric color and fringe patterns associated with tear film stability reflect the balance between the aqueous and lipid layers of the tear film, and they suggest that these patterns are able to identify subtypes of dry eye.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We therefore suggest that our classification of tear interferometric kinetics reflects the balance of tear film components. Tear interferometry is a noninvasive technique for assessment of the preocular tear film that allows observation of the surface interference fringe of the lipid layer of the tear film, 6,8,12,32,33 as well as semiquantitative 5,14,34,35 or quantitative 28 evaluation of LLT. In addition to observing the interferometric fringe, we evaluated the stability of the tear film by determining NIBUT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tear Interferometric Patterns Reflect Clinical Tear Dynamics in Dry Eye Patients

Arita

Morishige

Fujii

et al. 2016

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. We investigated whether the tear interferometric pattern was able to identify differences in tear film kinetics among clinical subtypes of dry eye. METHODS.A total of 138 eyes of 76 subjects (38 men and 38 women; mean age 6 SD, 61.6 6 16.2 years) with or without dry eye who visited Itoh Clinic from May to August 2015 were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Clinical diagnosis of dry eye subtype was based on tear film parameters. The pattern of tear film kinetics determined by interferometry was classified as 0 (monotonous gray or multicolor interferometric fringe with a noninvasive breakup time [NIBUT] of ‡5 seconds), 1 (multicolor interferometric fringe with a NIBUT of <5 seconds), or 2 (grayish amorphous interferometric fringe with a NIBUT of <5 seconds), and reliability of classification was evaluated. Lipid layer thickness (LLT) for the tear film was also determined by interferometry. RESULTS.Interrater j values for evaluation of interferometric patterns ranged from 0.57 to 0.94 for both physicians and nonphysicians with reference to a dry eye expert, the latter of whom showed an intrarater reliability of 0.90. The distribution of eyes among interferometric patterns 0, 1, and 2 coincided well with the clinical subgroups of normal tear condition, nonSjögren syndrome aqueous-deficient dry eye, and meibomian gland dysfunction, respectively. A multicolor interferometric fringe was essentially observed only at an LLT of >70 nm. CONCLUSIONS.Tear interferometry was able to reliably distinguish clinical subtypes of dry eye by reflecting the balance between the lipid and aqueous layers of the tear film.Keywords: tear interferometry, dry eye, meibomiangland T he tear film consists of aqueous, mucin, and lipid layers with different levels of complexity.1 The quality and quantity of each layer, as well as their interactive relations, are important for homeostasis of the tear film. Impairment of the quality or changes in the quantity of tear film components can result in dry eye disease, which is categorized as either aqueous-deficient dry eye (ADDE) or evaporative dry eye (EDE).2,3 Dysfunction or hypofunction of lacrimal glands and the consequent reduced volume of the aqueous layer of the tear film thus underlie ADDE. Similarly, dysfunction or hypofunction of meibomian glands (which produce the lipid components of the tear film) or reduced production of mucin proteins by conjunctival goblet cells increases the evaporation of tear fluid and results in EDE.Interferometry has been applied as a noninvasive method for visualization of the lucent lipid layer at the surface of the tear film. 4 Tear interference images associated with surface phenomena of the tear film have thus been obtained 5-8 based on a principle first described by Newton. 9 This approach has been adopted to study tear dynamics in individuals with Sjögren syndrome 10 or dry eye, 11 including EDE, 12 as well as in contact lens wearers. 6,13 It has also been used to measure the thickness of the lipid layer of the tear film in normal subjects, 14 in...

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“…Choosing lower values decreases the test sensibility and increases its specificity. Others tests to evaluate the tear film stability are: the interferometry, that measures the central precorneal tear film thickness noninvasively using an interference thin-film thickness measurement device (32)(33)(34) and the meibomiometry, that uses a new laser meibometer to measure meibomian lipid levels on the lid margin by blotting meibomian gland oil into a piece of plastic and monitoring its transparency in order to calculate the amount of oil and its rate of delivery (35) . These tools are not commonly used in daily routine.…”

Section: Clinical Evaluation Of the Ocular Surface: Signs And Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%