Semilla De Maíz Bajo La Influencia De Irradiación De Campos Electromagnéticos

Abstract

La energía electromagnética actúa sobre la materia e interrelaciona con los organismos biológicos, en cada etapa de desarrollo desde la germinación, y por ello puede ser una técnica de bajo costo para mejorar la calidad de semilla. En esta investigación se evaluó el efecto de la irradiación electromagnética sobre la calidad fisiológica de la semilla de maíz (Zea mays L.), del híbrido experimental ‘CL-11 x CL-12’, con un campo electromagnético de baja frecuencia. Se compararon 12 tratamientos de campos magnéticos, con intensidades de 160 y 560 mT y siete tiempos de exposición (t) de 0, 30, 60, 120, 240, 360 y 480 min, en un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Hubo diferencias estadísticas significativas en la velocidad de emergencia y porcentaje de establecimiento de plántulas al cuarto día, y al día 17 en el peso seco. Se detectó bioestimulación positiva con exposición de 30 y 60 min a una intensidad de 560 y 160 mT (dosis de 705.6 y 27.42 K J m-3 s-1, respectivamente). Con la dosis de 705.6 K J m-3 s-1 hubo un incremento significativo de 69.2 % en comparación con el testigo en velocidad de emergencia, de 90.5 % en establecimiento de plántulas y de 36.6 % en peso seco.

Nutritional, physicochemical and anatomical evaluation of creole corn varieties from the region of the Costa Chica of Guerrero

“…The cell walls consist of non-starch polysaccharides (β-glucan and arabinoxylan), proteins and phenolic acids (Agama-Acevedo et al, 2013). This agrees with that reported by Domínguez-Pacheco et al (2010) who points out that in mature and dry grains the endosperm represents 83%, the germ 11%, the pericarp 5% of the total weight of the grain and the pedicel the rest. The corn kernel has two types of endosperm: floury and corneous endosperm, the floury endosperm contains little compacted starch granules that surround the central fissure, while the corneous endosperm has more compact and small starch granules towards the periphery (Serna-Saldivar, 2010).…”

“…The Toro variety presents the largest Pedicel among the four varieties (4.01%) and of this variety Olotillo contains the lowest value (2.41%), this component of the seed is responsible for supplying nutrients to the germ, through the endosperm besides being responsible for sustaining, composed of cells in the form of stars, arranged in a spongy structure that allows rapid absorption of moisture (Wolf et al, 1952), in addition to being connected to the base of the germ (Domínguez-Pacheco et al, 2010).…”

“…Table 1 shows the results of the proximal analysis of the four varieties of creole corn, observing the highest carbohydrate content in the samples Toro (74.95%) and Purple-Olotillo (71.29%). The highest content of carbohydrates, mainly starch is located in the endosperm, which represents 82-84% of the total weight of the seed (Pérez de la Cerda et al, 2007;Contreras-Jiménez et al, 2013;Serna-Saldivar, 2010); and to a lesser extent in the pericarp, the latter does not represent a significant value and depends on the variety of the corn (Domínguez-Pacheco et al, 2010;Watson, 2003).…”

“…The anatomical structure is closely related to the nutritional quality of the grain, this is because it is in the germ where most of the lipids are located, in the endosperm, the carbohydrates and proteins and in the pericarp, together with the fiber endosperm (Paredes- López et al, 2009). The WTS is related to the percentage of endosperm, because it represents between 80-83% of the total weight of the grain (Domínguez Pacheco et al, 2010), the HW is a measure of the ease of obtaining flour, since the higher the HW, the higher the flour yield (López et al, 2005). For all this, it is necessary to know the physical quality, and with it the nutritional, of Creole breeds from different regions of México, this study is based on four native varieties from the Costa Chica in the State of Guerrero.…”

A review: The nutrition components, active substances and flavonoid accumulation of Tartary buckwheat sprouts and innovative physical technology for seeds germinating

“…Treatment of plant seeds with EMF, SEF and MF can increase related enzymes activity and respiration rate at germination stage, reduce germination time, and promote root growth ( 112 ), upraised germination potential and germination rate of most crops. For example, seedling emergence rate produced significant increases of 69.2% with a dosage of 560 mT ( 112 ). The seed (Pot Marigold) with the treatment of MF from 5 to 15 min, the variety of the germination was of 86.33 to 20% ( 116 ).…”