SEM Study on the Dorsal Lingual Surface of the Large Flying Fox, Pteropus vampyrus.

Abstract

The dorsal lingual surface of the large flying foxes were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Filiform, fungiform and vallate papillae were observed. The filiform papillae were distributed over the entire dorsal surface of the tongue. The filiform papillae notably differed in morphology by their location on the tongue and could be classified into 6 types: 1) scale-like, 2) giant trifid, 3) small crown-like, 4) large crown-like, 5) long conical and 6) short conical papillae. The fungiform papillae were present rounded bodies on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue. The large flying foxes showed the triangular arrangement of the three vallate papillae, with the apex of the triangle directed posteriorly. These findings indicate that the tongue of the large flying bat is similar to that of the lesser dog-faced fruit bat.

Morphological Comparison of the Filiform Papillae of New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) as Domestic Mammals and Egyptian Fruit Bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) as Wild Mammals Using Scanning Electron Microscopic Specimens

“…This confirmed in the previous articles that, the filiform papillae have many divisions, such as they were classified as seven subtype in; bat by (Park & Hall, 1951), while our study in Egyptian fruit bat and (Kobayashi & Shimamura, 1982;Emura et al, 2002b;Abumandour & El-Bakary, 2013) describe six subtypes of the filiform papillae. Five subtypes were noted in; lesser dog-faced fruit and nectarivorous bats (Emura et al, 2001b;Greenbaum & Phillips;Emura et al, 2012;Masuko et al) and in cat (Ojima et al, 1997).…”

“…As in the previous published data, the lingual papillae were species-specific, in which differing in their number among mammalian species, these differences may depend on dissimilarities in diet, feeding habits and handling of food in mouth (Emura et al, 2002b;Abumandour & El-Bakary), the previous data clear in; our study in Egyptian fruit bat, this confirmed by presence of four types of lingual papillae; two mechanical and two gustatory as noted in; bats (Selim et al, 2008;Abumandour & El-Bakary;Abayomi et al, 2009), moreover other mammals have four lingual papillae; as in our study in New Zealand white rabbits; one mechanical (filiform) and three gustatory (fungiform, foliate and circumvallate) as noted in; rats (Nasr et al, 2012), bank vole (Jackowiak & Godynicki, 2005), dog and fox (Emura et al, 2006). However, three types of lingual papillae; one mechanical (filiform) and two gustatory (fungiform and circumvallate) as noted in; bats (Pastor et al, 1993;Emura et al, 2001b;Park & Lee, 2009;Masuko et al, 2007), however, there were two types only of papillae (filiform and fungiform) in hematophagous bats (Masuko et al).…”

“…These differences resulted in various adaptations in the number and the morphology of the filiform papillae as noted in different study as in; six species of longnosed bats (Greenbaum & Phillips, 1974), Japanese longfingered bat (Kobayashi & Shimamura, 1982), European common bat (Pastor et al, 1993), lesser dog-faced fruit bat (Emura et al, 2001a), large flying fox (Emura et al, 2002b) and Japanese common pipistrelle (Emura et al, 2009), in which this clear in our study in the Egyptian fruit bat. The previous studies on the distribution and structure of the mechanical papillae on the dorsal surface of the mammalian tongue constitute general traits typical for individual taxonomic units, such as orders or families, as well as traits characteristic of a particular species (Iwasaki; Abumandour & El-Bakary).…”

“…The arrangement and structure of the mechanical lingual papillae, aiding the transfer of food, documented in vertebrates, constitutes general traits typical of individual taxonomic units, for example, orders or families (Azalli et al, 1991;Emura et al, 2002b;Emura et al, 2000;. On the other hand, an important factor affecting the structure of the lingual papillae is the type of ingestion of food, the method of its grinding in the oral cavity, as well as the method of its passage to further segments of the alimentary tract.…”

Morphology of the lingual papillae in the eastern grey kangaroo

“…Therefore, the lingual papillae of the eastern grey kangaroo are generally similar to those of the red kangaroo. Three vallate papillae were also found on the tongues of marsupials (Kubota et (Kubota, 1966), insectivores (Chunhabundit et al, 1992) and Chiroptera (Emura et al, 2001;Emura et al, 2002b). In this study, the eastern grey kangaroo showed a triangular arrangement of the three vallate papillae, with the apex of the triangle directed posteriorly.…”