Selling Guatemala's next Green Revolution: agricultural modernization and the politics of GM maize regulation

Klepek, James

doi:10.1080/14735903.2012.641326

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Debido a que la mitad de la población trabaja en el sector agropecuario, la concentración nacional de tierras se limita a un 2 % de personas que controlan hasta el 72 % del total de tierras cultivables (Gauster & Isakson, 2007;Klepek, 2012). Esta desigualdad restringe de gran manera el desarrollo sostenible y equitativo del país, imponiendo restricciones para difundir propuestas, nuevas tecnologías y mecanismos novedosos para producción agropecuaria, que permita conservar la biodiversidad y proteger el medio ambiente.…”

Section: Contenidounclassified

Monocultivos e industrias extractivas en Guatemala: ¿Qué relación tienen la deficiencia institucional, la falta de investigación científica y los impactos ambientales?

Escobar-Anleu¹

2020

CTS

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Guatemala es considerado uno de los países megadiversos a nivel mundial. En conjunto, estos países albergan más del 70 % de biodiversidad del planeta, en tan sólo alrededor del 10 % de su territorio. Debido a la diversidad de recursos naturales, no resulta extraño que la economía del país dependa principalmente de estos. El ser una potencia mundial en biodiversidad podría representar múltiples ventajas y oportunidades, pero en realidad la degradación de los recursos naturales es histórica y persiste. Los monocultivos y la industria extractiva son ejemplos de actividades económicas que se han expandido en la región, contribuyendo al deterioro de los recursos naturales. Existe una paradoja, «la maldición de los recursos naturales», la cual se refiere a la situación en que países con muchos recursos naturales, suelen tener bajas tasas de crecimiento económico y una explicación es la debilidad institucional. El que existan deficiencias institucionales se relaciona con falta en cumplimiento de ley, una ineficiente regulación y manejo de recursos naturales y su consiguiente degradación. Si a esto agregamos que Guatemala invierte apenas el 0.029% del PIB en actividades de investigación, hallamos otra explicación a estas deficiencias, ya que las instituciones no tienen datos para tomar decisiones fundamentadas. Así se vincula el deterioro ambiental con las deficiencias institucionales, lo cual también se relaciona con poca investigación y reducido crecimiento económico. Aunque estos vínculos rara vez se resaltan, es necesario hacerlo para comprender y promover cambios dentro de un sistema explotador de recursos, que afecta la calidad de vida de los guatemaltecos.

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Section: Contenidounclassified

Monocultivos e industrias extractivas en Guatemala: ¿Qué relación tienen la deficiencia institucional, la falta de investigación científica y los impactos ambientales?

Escobar-Anleu¹

2020

CTS

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“…Since the end of the conflict in 1996, the Guatemalan government and NGOs have focused development efforts on areas that suffered most during the violence (Taylor et al 2006). For example, in the mid-1980s the government invested in extension services and credit for resource poor maize producers even though the initiative was scaled back in the early 1990s (Klepek 2012). During the 15 years after 2002, Guatemala has received US$4.4 billion in bilateral official development assistance from all donors yet only 5.2% of this has gone to the agricultural sector (USAID 2017), despite the fact that the agriculture sector employs one in three Guatemalans (USAID 2017).…”

Section: Action Arenamentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing social-ecological resilience within small-scale agriculture in conflict-affected Guatemala

Hellin¹,

Ratner²,

Meinzen-Dick³

et al. 2018

E&S

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Climate change scenarios suggest largely detrimental impacts on agricultural production from a deterioration of renewable natural resources. Over the last 15 years, a new field of research has focused on the interactions between climate and conflict risk, particularly as it relates to competition over natural resources and livelihoods. Within this field, there has been less attention to the potential for resource competition to be managed in ways that yield greater cooperation, local adaptation capacity, social-ecological resilience, and conflict mitigation or prevention. The challenge of increasing social-ecological resilience in small-scale agriculture is particularly acute in the socioeconomically and agroecologically marginalized Western Highlands of Guatemala. Not only is climate change a threat to agriculture in this region, but adaptation strategies are challenged by the context of a society torn apart by decades of violent conflict. Indeed, the largely indigenous population in the Western Highlands has suffered widespread discrimination for centuries. The armed conflict has left a legacy of a deeply divided society, with communities often suspicious of outsider interventions and in many cases with neighbors pitted against each other. We use the example of the Buena Milpa agricultural development project to demonstrate how grassroots approaches to collective action, conflict prevention, and social-ecological resilience, linking local stakeholder dynamics to the broader institutional and governance context, can bear fruit amidst postconflict development challenges. Examples of microwatershed management and conservation of local maize varieties illustrate opportunities to foster community-level climate adaptation strategies within small-scale farming systems even in deeply divided societies.

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“…Today, food security and the health of people are some of the main challenges all over the world [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Although GM agriculture is considered as key strategy to increase the quantity of food production [ 4 , 5 , 6 ], GM foods are still a subject of debate among scientists and policy-makers around the world [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. On the one hand, the increasing need for sustainable production and consumption [ 10 ] has fostered producer and government interest in the application of genetic engineering to agricultural products [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumer Attitude towards Genetically Modified Foods in Iran: Application of Three-Dimensional Model of Corporate Social Responsibility

Akbari

Ardekani

Pino

et al. 2023

Foods

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Although GM food production is considered an important strategy to meet the growing food needs of the population around the world, a majority of the GM food consumers express doubts about purchasing and eating them. However, it can be argued that consumers have different opinions about GM foods and their influence on human health and the natural environment. GM food producer Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) may significantly affect such opinions, but the effect of this variable has been partially neglected in previous research studies. To address this gap, the present study investigates Iranian consumers’ concerns about GM foods, trust in these products, and perception of GM food producer CSR as determinants of attitudes towards GM food. Data were collected from Iranian consumers. A cross-sectional survey research with a multi-stage random sampling approach was employed to capture the responses of 372 Iranian consumers. The results showed that consumers have both negative and positive attitudes towards GM foods. Perceived social equity, trust, and health concerns were the most important determinants of attitude towards GM foods. According to the results, these variables could account for 52.9% (Cox and Snell R2) and up to 70.6% (Nagelkerke R2) of the variance of the dependent variable. Furthermore, results revealed statistically significant differences among the consumers with different educational levels in terms of perceived social equity, perceived environmental responsibility, and environmental concern. The research contributes to the body of knowledge in GM food consumption by evolving the CSR to assess attitudes of users concerning GM foods.

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Selling Guatemala's next Green Revolution: agricultural modernization and the politics of GM maize regulation

Cited by 9 publications

References 39 publications

Monocultivos e industrias extractivas en Guatemala: ¿Qué relación tienen la deficiencia institucional, la falta de investigación científica y los impactos ambientales?

Monocultivos e industrias extractivas en Guatemala: ¿Qué relación tienen la deficiencia institucional, la falta de investigación científica y los impactos ambientales?

Increasing social-ecological resilience within small-scale agriculture in conflict-affected Guatemala

Consumer Attitude towards Genetically Modified Foods in Iran: Application of Three-Dimensional Model of Corporate Social Responsibility

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