Self‐Powered X‐Ray Detector Based on All‐Inorganic Perovskite Thick Film with High Sensitivity Under Low Dose Rate

Gou, Zongyan; Huanglong, Sibo; Ke, Wenjun; Sun, Hui; Tian, Haibo; Gao, Xiuying; Zhu, Xinghua; Yang, Dingyu; Wangyang, Peihua

doi:10.1002/pssr.201900094

Cited by 66 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[ 23,24 ] Since then, X‐ray detection using many Pb‐based perovskites has been demonstrated. [ 25–40 ] To replace the toxic Pb, X‐ray detectors employing (C 8 H 17 NH 3 ) 2 SnBr 4 , [ 41 ] Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 , [ 42–45 ] Cs 3 Bi 2 I 9 , [ 46–48 ] (NH 4 ) 3 Bi 2 I 9 , [ 49 ] (BA) 2 CsAgBiBr 7 , [ 50 ] and Cs 2 TeI 6 [ 51 ] have been reported to demonstrate good sensitivity, and most of them significantly outperform the commercial α‐Se X‐ray detectors. However, some problems such as high‐temperature preparation, a large number of crystal defects, poor uniformity, low resistivity, and high leakage current, serious ion migration and instability are still serious enough to hamper their application in devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Lead‐Free Perovskite Single Crystal for High‐Performance Coplanar X‐Ray Imaging Applications

Liu

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The capability to detect radiation signal like X-rays and gamma-rays has been improved dramatically in recent years. [1,2] X-ray detection is very important because of its wide range of applications in medical imaging, industrial monitoring, national security, environmental protection and remediation, and science research. In particular, flat-panel X-ray detector array is now playing an important role in in modern medical, security verification, and industrial production. [3,4] Among the materials developed for X-ray detectors, amorphous selenium (a-Se) becomes the most classic semiconductor material for direct X-ray detection (X-rays directly convert into current signals), and it is suitable for X-ray imaging because of its easy deposition process on large-scale flat-panel digital readout circuits. [5,6] Unfortunately, the conversion efficiency of a-Se is limited due to its low X-ray absorbance, caused by its low atomic number (Z = 34), accompanied by small carrier mobility and lifetime product (μτ) value of ≈10 −7 cm 2 V −1 , which leads to its very low sensitivity (440 μC Gy air −1 cm −2) even under high operating electric field (15 000 V mm −1). [7] In addition to the a-Se, many other traditional semiconductors, such as Si, [8,9] TlBr, [10,11] PbI 2 , [12,13] Ge, [14,15] HgI 2 , [16,17] CdZnTe, [18,19] and PbO, [20,21] have been well studied, and among of them, especially CdZnTe, has shown potential applications in commercial X-ray detectors. However, most of these materials either possess very high dark current and low sensitivity, or suffer from needing high-temperature (exceeding 500 °C) and complex growth equipment, let alone their high toxicity (cadmium (Cd), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg)). Accordingly, there are still some difficulties in preparing a large area X-ray absorber layer with excellent uniformity at low temperature, limiting their application to mammography. Therefore, recently, low-temperature, solution-synthesized 60 μm thick polycrystalline methylammonium lead iodide CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 (MAPbI 3) perovskite films have been prepared to detect 8 keV low energy X-rays with high sensitivity, and X-ray imaging was demonstrated on a photovoltaic device. [22] Later, Huang's group achieved sensitive X-ray imaging by integrating MAPbBr 3 single crystals (SCs) on a silicon substrate. [23,24] Since then, X-ray detection using many Pb-based perovskites Lead-based (Pb) perovskite recently emerged as a promising photoelectric material for direct ionization radiation detection with outstanding performance. Unfortunately, its application is limited due to its toxicity caused by high Pb content, serious ion migration, poor crystallite quality, unsatisfactory reproducibility, high resistivity, and large fluctuation of electronic properties. Herein, a better substitute of lead-free inch-sized (34.3 mm × 34.3 mm × 13.1 mm) high-quality halide (CH 3 NH 3) 3 Bi 2 I 9 single crystal (MA 3 Bi 2 I 9 SC) is presented with higher resistivity, lower ion migration, and better stability. The coplanar detector ...

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Lead‐Free Perovskite Single Crystal for High‐Performance Coplanar X‐Ray Imaging Applications

Liu

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…where Q is the collected photo charge, A is the effective detection area, and X is the radiation dose, which is 7.08 × 10 3 μC Gy air −1 cm −2 , 4.04 × 10 3 μC Gy air −1 cm −2 , and 2.38 × 10 3 μC Gy air −1 cm −2 for the 40-, 60-, and 80-keV X-ray photons, respectively. The sensitivity of our epitaxial device with self-powered is superior to the majority of hybrid perovskite film and single crystalline device, such as MAPbI 3 film device (25 μC Gy air −1 cm −2 ) (Yakunin et al, 2015 ), CsPbBr 3 thick film device (0.27–1.7 × 10 3 μC Gy air −1 cm −2 ) (Gou et al, 2019 ), and MAPbBr 3 single crystalline device (80 μC Gy air −1 cm −2 ) (Wei et al, 2016 ). Moreover, the sensitivity of our epitaxial device with self-powered is stronger than that of the currently commercial detectors such as a-Se, CdZnTe, HgI 2 , and PbI 2 working at a much higher field (Schieber et al, 2001 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Enhanced Performance of Perovskite Single-Crystal Photodiodes by Epitaxial Hole Blocking Layer

Pan

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introducing hole/electron transporting and blocking layers is considered to enhance the performance of electronic devices based on organic–inorganic hybrid halide perovskite single crystals (PSCs). In many photodiodes, the hole/electron transporting or blocking materials are spin-coated or thermal-evaporated on PSC to fabricate heterojunctions. However, the heterojunction interfaces due to lattice mismatch between hole/electron, transporting or blocking materials and perovskites easily form traps and cracks, which cause noise and leakage current. Besides, these low-mobility transporting layers increase the difficulty of transporting carriers generated by photons to the electrode; hence, they also increase the response time for photo detection. In the present study, MAPbCl 3 -MAPbBr 2.5 Cl 0.5 heterojunction interfaces were realized by liquid-phase epitaxy, in which MAPbBr 2.5 Cl 0.5 PSC acts as an active layer and MAPbCl 3 PSC acts as a hole blocking layer (HBL). Our PIN photodiodes with epitaxial MAPbCl 3 PSC as HBL show better performance in dark current, light responsivity, stability, and response time than the photodiodes with spin-coated organic PCBM as HBL. These results suggest that the heterojunction interface formed between two bulk PSCs with different halide compositions by epitaxy growth is very useful for effectively blocking the injected charges under high external electric field, which could improve the collection of photo-generated carriers and hereby enhance the detection performance of the photodiode. Furthermore, the PIN photodiodes made of PSC with epitaxial HBL show the sensitivities of 7.08 mC Gy air −1 cm −2 , 4.04 mC Gy air −1 cm −2 , and 2.38 mC Gy air −1 cm −2 for 40-keV, 60-keV, and 80-keV X-ray, respectively.

show abstract

“…The detector based on this CsPbBr 3 exhibited a sensitivity of 1700 μC Gy air −1 cm −2 at a low dose rate of 53 nGy air S −1 . 100 Alternatively, an ultrasonic-assisted mist deposition method was proposed to fabricated large-area and thick CsPbBr 3 . In brief, the fabrication was initialized by the ultrasonic sound induced atomization of a CsPbBr 3 solution, then the generated mist was injected to the expansion coefficient of perovskite ($10 −5 K −1 ) and ITO ($10 −6 K −1 ), 104,105 the thick CsPbBr 3 deposited on the ITO/Pt tend to have many speckles and be automatically delaminated from the substrate.…”

Section: Lead Based Perovskitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A, A photograph of Cs‐MA‐FA perovskite based flexible X‐ray detector; A photograph and the corresponding X‐ray image of an investigated object; Reproduced with permission form Reference 99, Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society 99 ; B, Schematic illustration of the dissolution‐recrystallization approach; Reproduced with permission form Reference 100, Copyright 2019, Wiley‐VCH 100 ; C, Schematic illustration of a ultrasonic‐assisted mist deposition protocol; Reproduced with permission form Reference 101, Copyright 2019, The Japan Society of Applied Physics 101 ; D, Photographs and, E, the cross‐sectional SEM images of CsPbBr 3 grown on ITO and ITO/Polymer; Reproduced with permission form Reference 102, Copyright 2020, Materials Research Society 102 ; F, Schematic diagram of the hot‐pressing protocol; G, A cross‐sectional SEM image of the thick CsPbBr 3 film; H, X‐ray response of the CsPbBr 3 detector with different dose rates at 4.2 V mm −1 ; I, The sensitivity and photoconductive gain and, J, the LoD of the CsPbBr 3 detector as a function of applied bias; Reproduced with permission form Reference 44, Copyright 2019, Wiley‐VCH 44 …”

Section: Materials Engineering Of Perovskite X‐ray Absorbermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, fresh perovskite solution was casting onto the porous film to induce the dissolution‐recrystallization process, such that an 18‐μm‐thick CsPbBr 3 was obtained. The detector based on this CsPbBr 3 exhibited a sensitivity of 1700 μC Gy air −1 cm −2 at a low dose rate of 53 nGy air S −1 100 …”

Section: Materials Engineering Of Perovskite X‐ray Absorbermentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Halide perovskites: A dark horse for direct X‐ray imaging

Qian

Xiao

et al. 2020

EcoMat

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The high cost and difficulty of fabricating high-quality, thick, large-area X-ray absorbers limit their widespread applications in flat-panel direct hard X-ray imaging. Then it comes to the recently rising halide perovskites, which show large carrier mobility and lifetime, contain high atomic number elements and are solution processible, making them ideal for large-area direct hard X-ray imaging. Over the past few years, direct X-ray detectors based on a variety of perovskites have been developed, showing impressive progress in achieving high sensitivity and low detection limit. Alongside the developments, the underlying correlations between the intrinsic properties of the perovskites and their X-ray detection performance have been intensively studied, providing valuable information to tackle the remaining challenges, such as large dark current, baseline drifting and so forth. However, it is surprising to find that there have been no efforts to bring together a comprehensive review and comparative analysis on these previous research endeavors, and some general principles and guidelines of engineering the perovskites toward advanced X-ray detectors have yet to be creamed off. Here, recent advances in engineering perovskites for direct X-ray detection are reviewed in the hope of providing fundamental understanding of this fast-developing field. First, the operation principles of direct X-ray detectors targeting flat-panel X-ray imaging will be introduced, particularly relevant to perovskite materials. Then, recent innovative works regarding the preparation and manipulation of single-crystalline and poly-crystalline perovskites are discussed in detail, through which specific effects of the intrinsic properties of the perovskite upon X-ray detection are highlighted. This is followed by a summary of the review and outlook of future directions.

show abstract

Self‐Powered X‐Ray Detector Based on All‐Inorganic Perovskite Thick Film with High Sensitivity Under Low Dose Rate

Cited by 66 publications

References 38 publications

Large Lead‐Free Perovskite Single Crystal for High‐Performance Coplanar X‐Ray Imaging Applications

Large Lead‐Free Perovskite Single Crystal for High‐Performance Coplanar X‐Ray Imaging Applications

Enhanced Performance of Perovskite Single-Crystal Photodiodes by Epitaxial Hole Blocking Layer

Halide perovskites: A dark horse for direct X‐ray imaging

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About