Self-interest and the maintenance of equity.

Leventhal, Gerald S.; Anderson, D. B.

doi:10.1037/h0029173

Cited by 185 publications

(94 citation statements)

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“…Leventhal and Anderson [1970] found that boys were more likely to keep a larger percent age of the reward for themselves, while Lerner [in press,b] found that girls were more likely to keep a larger percentage of the reward. Lane and Coon [1972] found no sex difference.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Lane and Coon [1972] found that 4-year-old children tended to distribute rewards self-interestedly by taking significantly more of the total reward for themselves. Leventhal and Anderson [1970], who studied 5-year-olds, interpreted their results as indicating that the children employed the norm of equity when allocating rewards. However, Lane and Coon [1972] and Lerner [in press,b], who obtained essentially the same results with 5-year-olds as Leven thal and Anderson [1970], feel that these children were employing the norm of equality.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a developmental approach has been applied to reward distribu tion research [Lane and Coon, 1972;Leventhal and Anderson, 1970;Lerner, in press,b]. These three studies used the same basic procedure.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sufficiency of Reward and Allocation Behavior

Coon¹,

Lane²,

Lichtman³

1974

Human Development

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The present research investigated the effect of sufficiency of reward on the principles that elementary school children employ to allocate rewards to others. Results indicated that Justice children allocated a smaller proportion of reward to the winner of a game when they were distributing insufficient and oversufficient quantities of reward than when they were distributing a sufficient quantity of reward. Results also indicated that kindergarten children allocated significantly less reward to the winner than did older children. These results were interpreted as indicating that no single norm can explain the reward allocation behavior of children. However, the results reaffirmed past findings which indicated that the norm of equity is the most important determinant of children’s reward allocation behavior.

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Sufficiency of Reward and Allocation Behavior

Coon¹,

Lane²,

Lichtman³

1974

Human Development

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“…For a number of years, researchers have been intrigued with the possibility that distributive justice might change systematically with development (Benton, 1971;Handlon and Gross, 1959;Leventhal and Anderson, 1970;Leventhal and Lane, 1970;Piaget, 1932). Such studies have frequently supported the general hypothesis that sharing increases with age, but have seldom produced more refined statements regarding the pattern of distributive justice development.…”

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confidence: 99%

Moral Judgment and Distributive Justice

Gunzburger¹,

Wegner²,

Anooshian³

1977

Human Development

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Abstract. This research focused on the modes of distributive justice employed by individuals differing in the maturity of their moral judgments. Based upon a social exchange model, theoretical distinctions were made among five modes of distribution response: selfinterest, parity, equity, social responsibility, and individual responsibility. Each of 44 male subjects aged 13-18 was led to believe that he was a member of a group of four students whp were to be rewarded for their work. After being induced to work for 1 h, the subject was asked to distribute $ 5.60 among the group members. The inputs of the other (fictitious) members were arranged such that distributions adhering to each of the posited modes could be distinguished. A discriminant analysis of distribution response groups revealed that a subject's orientation in Kohlberg's hierarchy of moral stages was a significant predictor of distribution response, while age of subject was not. Relationships between specific stages and distribution responses were discussed, as were the implications of these results for a general theory of distributive justice.

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“…Although some contradictory evidence has been reported, studies manipulating workers' relative productivity (Leventhal & Anderson, 1970;Leventhal & Lane, 1970;Leventhal, Popp, & Sawyer, 1973) have typically shown that males have a greater preference for equity in reward distribution than females when equality and equity conflict. However, Weiner and Peter (1973) report that in middle childhood another's expenditure of effort in an achievement context is evaluated positively and rewarded by the child.…”

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confidence: 99%