Self‐Healing All‐in‐One Energy Storage for Flexible Self‐Powering Ammonia Smartsensors

Abstract

Self‐healable and flexible all‐in‐one self‐powering smartsensing devices have recently attracted great attention. Herein, a flexible all‐in‐one solid‐state electronic system of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel‐based supercapacitors for self‐powering ammonia smartsensors has been fabricated. Self‐healing supercapacitors are prepared by integrating polypyrrole (PPy) and boron cross‐linked PVA/KCl hydrogel as a sandwich configuration, exhibiting large specific capacitance of 244.81 mF cm−2 at 0.47 mA cm−2, and good charging/discharging stability of 2000 cycles, while ammonia sensors are realized by a SnO2/PPy‐modified conductive PVA hydrogel film, demonstrating an excellent sensing behavior toward NH3 vapor under 50 ppb–500 ppm. As a result, self‐healing supercapacitors could well store energy and then self‐power sensing unit for remotely real‐time detection via a smartphone, acquiring high flexibility of energy‐sensing system. With attractive biocompatibility and self‐healing performance toward various environment, this all‐in‐one flexible energy‐smartsensor system would pave the way to novel fabrication process in realization of wearable self‐healing smart devices.

Reversibly Stretchable Organohydrogel-Based Soft Electronics with Robust and Redox-Active Interfaces Enabled by Polyphenol-Incorporated Double Networks

“…In addition, TA-gel-supported microsensors integrated with stretchable supercapacitors were demonstrated for multifunctional on-skin applications. Not limited to supercapacitor and strain/UV sensing presented in this work, various polyphenol-incorporated gels based on diverse polymer networks could be further developed to accommodate wearable microbatteries, healable and recyclable electronics, , or self-powered chem/biosensing. , Furthermore, since TA is also a bioactive compound displaying antibacterial and antioxidation properties, our approach could pave a route to soft ionic conductors with integrated physical/chemical/biological functions and spatiotemporal control, , which is anticipated to drive advances in wearable monitoring, “green” ubiquitous electronics or clinical prospects in implanted devices and regenerative medicine.…”

Recent Progress of Energy-Storage-Device-Integrated Sensing Systems

“…In addition, with the prevalence of COVID-19, the sensors used to monitor exhaled gas are also very important for the prevention of respiratory diseases [ 116 ]. The integration of gas sensors with supercapacitors and energy-harvesters has also been widely studied [ 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 ]. For instance, Bao et al [ 119 ] seamlessly integrated a solar cell, a rGO/CNT-based micro-supercapacitor, and a polypyrrole@rGO-based gas sensor on a flexible substrate using a continuous centrifugal coating strategy ( Figure 7 a).…”

Stretchable and Self‐Healing Interlocking All‐in‐One Supercapacitors Based on Multiple Cross‐Linked Hydrogel Electrolytes

“…Hence, all-inone SCs hold great promise for constructing high-performance stretchable and self-healable energy storage devices for wearable electronics and have aroused worldwide attention. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Wei and co-workers developed an all-in-one SC by in situ embedding polyaniline (PANI) in a chemically crosslinked glutaraldehyde-polyvinyl alcohol-sulfuric acid (GA-PVA-H 2 SO 4 ) hydrogel electrolyte. [17] Because of the chemical cross-linking network of the hydrogel electrolyte, the resulting SC demonstrated excellent stretchability of ≈300%.…”