Self-expansion and smoking abstinence

Self-Expansion through Fictional Characters

“…First, fictional characters may offer a source of self-expansion, albeit to a lesser degree than do close others in the actual, physical world. Thus, the present work joins a growing area of research on self-expansion that suggests that intimate, social relationships are not required for perceived self-expansion (e.g., Gordon & Luo, 2011;Mattingly & Lewandowski, 2013;Xu et al, 2010). Second, individuals perceived cognitive overlap with fictional characters to the degree to which those characters were representative of an individual's actual self; however, selfexpansion through fictional characters increased to the degree to which those characters R. were representative of an individual's ideal self.…”

“…To operationally capture this psychological experience of cognitive overlap between the self and other mental representations, Aron et al (1992) developed the Inclusion of Other in the Self (IOS) scale, consisting of seven diagrams representing increasing overlap between two circles: One circle is said to represent the self and the other circle is said to represent the other person in the relationship. Although the experience of self -other cognitive overlap may be one path to self-expansion, research suggests that self -other overlap is a distinct concept from selfexpansion, as the latter can occur in the absence of another person (e.g., Gordon & Luo, 2011;Xu, Floyd, Westmaas, & Aron, 2010). For example, as Gordon and Luo (2011) suggested, reading a book about a historical event may offer an opportunity for selfexpansion (or personal-expansion, as they termed it), though it does not require forming a relationship with an actual person.…”

“…Prior research suggests that individuals with lower self-esteem may be particularly drawn to parasocial relationships (Derrick et al, 2008); thus, it would be informative to examine whether such individuals may turn to parasocial relationships rather than social relationships as a preferred source of self-expansion. Moreover, as it is the case that self-expansion can be pursued in the absence of a relationship partner (Gordon & Luo, 2011;Xu et al, 2010), there may be individuals for whom self-expansion experienced through fictional others is not appealing.…”

Eliciting Nicotine Craving with Virtual Smoking Cues

“…1 Smoking is the major cause of preventable death in the United States, and the second worldwide. 2 Tobacco dependence was responsible for approximately 440,000 premature deaths in the United States in 2004. 3 In Europe as well, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), smoking is one of the most important risk factors for premature mortality and is directly or indirectly linked to 1.6 million deaths per year.…”

Zastosowanie skali poczucia rozszerzenia Ja w miejscu pracy w warunkach polskich

“…W ostatnich latach zaprezentowano wyniki badań bezpośrednio testujących założenie o związku rozszerzenia pojęcia Ja z poczuciem własnej skuteczności, efektywnym działaniem oraz wytrwałością w dążeniu do postawionych celów (np. Mattingly, Lewandowski, 2013b;Mattingly i in., 2012;Xu, Floyd, Westmaas, A. Aron, 2010). W badaniach eksplorowano konsekwencje poczucia rozszerzenia Ja dla funkcjonowania i samoregulacji w różnych kontekstach społecznych, np.…”