Selective Deposition of Metals on Plastics Used in the Construction of Microanalytical Devices: Photo-Directed Formation of Metal Features on PMMA

Abstract

We describe here, for the first time, the use of amine-terminated poly(methyl methacrylate), AT-PMMA, surfaces as a substrate for the electroless deposition of Au nanoparticle films (Au-EDNPFs), the adsorptive deposition of Au colloids, the laterally patterned formation of Au-EDNPFs, and the use of the patterned Au-EDNPFs to form electrolessly deposited Ag films with micrometer features. Au-EDNPFs were formed by chemical reduction of AuCl 4films coordinated to AT-PMMA sheets. The Au-EDNPFs act as autocatalytic substrates for the conventional electroless deposition of Ag. Such Ag films can be used in the construction of functional Ag/AgCl reference electrodes. In addition, sequentially deposited, multilayer Au colloid films formed on the AT-PMMA surfaces are shown to be effective electrochemical working electrodes in aqueous media. In the final portion of the work, laterally patterned (selective) deposition of Ag films was accomplished by photoremoval of photolabile protecting groups attached to the amine functionalities of AT-PMMA, followed by the Au-EDNPF formation process and subsequent electroless deposition of Ag onto the Au-EDNPF surface. The selectivity of the Au-EDNPF pattern formation process (deposition on only the deprotected amine sites and not the protected sites) is shown to be dictated by the pH of the AuCl 4solution in contact with the photodeprotected surfaces. † Part of the special issue "Royce W. Murray Festschrift".

Fabrication and Characterization of Three-Dimensional Silver-Coated Polymeric Microstructures

“…Polymeric microstructures were silver-coated using a modification of a procedure first reported by McCarley and co-workers [16,38]. A lithium aminolysis solution was first prepared by adding 30 mmol of n-butyllithium (2.5 M in cyclohexane) to 180 mmol of 1,3-diaminopropane with vigorous stirring that was continued for 3 h. All manipulations involving the aminolysis solution were conducted under an inert atmosphere of dry nitrogen at room temperature.…”

“…[23,26,27] The complex changes in reflectivity that we observe are then likely due to changes in the collective plasmon scattering of metal nanoparticles comprising the film, which increasingly aggregate and couple as the average film thickness increases. [16] developed the surface-functionalization chemistry employed here using poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) as the polymer surface. We have repeated their work and found that PMMA can indeed be silvered to produce highly reflective films.…”

“…This strong nucleophile cleaves exposed acrylate esters creating surface-bound amine-terminated amides. [16] Gold particles are then bound to the pendant amines by immersing the structure in aqueous AuCl 4 -and reducing with NaBH 4 . Lastly, silver metal is deposited onto the polymeric form by using electroless deposition nucleated at the surface-bound gold particles.…”

Fabrication of a gold microelectrode for amperometric detection on a polycarbonate electrophoresis chip by photodirected electroless plating

“…The procedure described in [38] for deposition of Au nanoparticles onto the amine-derivatized carboxyl acid sites was used with some modifications. Briefly, the pho-topatterned PC plate was immersed in a solution of 0.36 M ethylenediamine solution containing 50 mM EDC for selective amination of the photolysed area.…”

Estudio de estrategias de inmovilización de biomoléculas sobre soportes rígidos para aplicación en microbiosensores

“…En lo que respecta al PMMA, se ha utilizado para la inmovilización de enzimas [132][133][134] , fabricación de dispositivos microfluídicos, deposición de metales, e inmovilización de proteínas y ácidos nucleicos. Waddell et al 135 han desarrollado superficies de PMMA aminadas como sustrato para la inmovilización de oligonucleótidos e hibridación en formato microarray, basando su estrategia en la aminolisis del éster metílico con amiduro de litio de la etilendiamina y posterior unión de un brazo espaciador (Esquema 1A).…”