Selective and sensitive determination of dopamine by composites of polypyrrole and graphene modified electrodes

Abstract

A novel method is developed to fabricate the polypyrrole (PPy) and graphene thin films on electrodes by electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole with graphene oxide (GO) as a dopant, followed by electrochemical reduction of GO in the composite film. The composite of PPy and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (eRGO)-modified electrode is highly sensitive and selective toward the detection of dopamine (DA) in the presence of high concentrations of ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). The sensing performance of the PPy/eRGO-modified electrode is investigated by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), revealing a linear range of 0.1-150 μM with a detection limit of 23 nM (S/N = 3). The practical application of the PPy/eRGO-modified electrode is successfully demonstrated for DA determination in human blood serum.

A label-free aptasensor based on polyethyleneimine wrapped carbon nanotubes in situ formed gold nanoparticles as signal probe for highly sensitive detection of dopamine

“…Detection limit and linear calibration range of the proposed modified electrode were compared with those previously reported and the results are summarized in Table 1. As can be seen, the analytical parameters are comparable or better than the results reported for DA determination at the surface of other modified electrodes [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43].…”

Graphene for Glucose, Dopamine, Ascorbic Acid, and Uric Acid Detection

“…The 3D multiplexed conductive pathways of graphene foam and the intimate interactions (hydrophobic and π-π interactions) between DA and graphene promoted the efficient electron transfer, in which the oxidation peak of DA could be easily distinguished from that of UA. Based on the synergistic effects, various nanomaterials have been incorporated into graphene sheets, including polystyrene [66], polyaniline [67], p-aminobenzoic acid [68], polypyrrole [69], poly(methylene blue) [70], polyoxometalate [71], MIPs [72,73], Cyclodextrin [74,75], layered double hydroxide film [76,77], CNT [78], ferrocene [79], AuNPs [80][81][82], PdNPs [83], Cu 2 O [84], and ZnO [85]. The main roles of these incorporators into graphene include preventing graphene sheets aggregation, improving solubility and stability in long term, enhancing the electrical conductivity and catalytic ability, increasing the specific surface area, and providing attachment points for molecules binding.…”

Poly(ionic liquids) functionalized polypyrrole/graphene oxide nanosheets for electrochemical sensor to detect dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid

“…Therefore, CPs/G or CPs/GO nanocomposite materials can be applied in many fields such as energy storage, supercapacitors or electrochemical sensors and biosensors for the detection of certain special substances, for instance, polyaniline/grapheme (PANI/G) (Gómez et al, 2011) and polypyrrole/graphene oxide (PPy/GO) (Zhu et al, 2012) exhibited good electrochemical properties and cycling performance, which should be promisingly used for the fabrication of inexpensive, high-performance electrochemical supercapacitors; poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (PEDOT/GO) nanocomposite modified electrode exhibited lowered impedance and increased charge storage capacity as well as improved sensitivity to the oxidation of dopamine (DA) in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) (Weaver et al, 2014). However, most CPs/G or CPs/GO nanocomposites were prepared by electrochemical deposition (Chang et al, 2012;Si et al, 2011;Zhu et al, 2012) which limited their high-volume production. CPs/G or CPs/GO nanocomposites synthesized by chemical precipitation technique or liquid/liquid interfacial polymerization were often used for supercapacitors (Bora and Dolui, 2012;Gómez et al, 2011), but rarely for electrochemical sensors and biosensors due to the hydrophobicity and poor dispersibility of the pristine CPs on the surface of electrode.…”