Selection of resistant rootstocks to Meloidogyne enterolobii and M. incognita for okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)

Abstract

The okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) is one of the most important vegetables in the world and is a popular food item in many tropical and subtropical countries. Besides its cultivation for fresh consumption, okra also has potential industrial uses. Nonetheless, pests and diseases remain the most damaging factors affecting its crop yield. Among these, root-knot nematodes are the main pests limiting okra production. This study aimed to determine the responses of plant species of the Malvaceae family to Meloidogyne incognita and M. enterolobii rootknot nematodes, and to also assess the compatibility of the same with the okra commercial 'Colhe Bem IAC'. Resistance was evaluated using the reproduction factor in two commercial okra cultivars ('Colhe Bem IAC' and 'Santa Cruz 47'), five cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plant genotypes (PRO 277, IAC 29-233, PR 136, IAC 24, and IAC 03-979), and vinagreira (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Other resistance-related traits measured were the percentage of healing, plant height, root length, rootstock stem diameter, scion stem diameter, number of leaves, total fresh weight, and fresh weight of the scion, rootstock, and root parts. While the cotton and vinagreira genotypes tested were resistant to both species of nematodes, okra cultivars were not. The okra, however, showed successful adaptation to grafting, which may offer an important physical resistance against attacks by root-knot nematodes, while vinagreira showed the greatest potential for use as rootstock for protecting okra crops.

Physiological indices of okra under organomineral fertilization and irrigated with salt water

“…Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench], a flowering plant in the family Malvaceae, with African origins, is primarily used for human consumption and has recently attracted interest from the industrial sector for fiber production. It is grown in tropical and subtropical areas due to its hardiness and low production costs (Marin et al, 2017;Torres et al, 2014;Sales et al, 2019).…”

Production and quality of okra produced with mineral and organic fertilization

“…Okra is a vegetable originated from Africa, cultivated under rainfed or irrigated conditions in a wide variety of soils, and is one of the most important vegetables in the world, especially in tropical and subtropical climates (Marin et al, 2017), due to its rusticity and tolerance to heat, not requiring high levels of technology for its cultivation (Oliveira et al, 2003). However, it is sensitive to salinity, with a reduction of up to 70% in the production of fresh fruits in comparison to plants cultivated in non-saline soils (Kamaluldeen et al, 2014), and to the attack of Coleoptera insects (Pitan & Ekoja, 2011).…”

Crotalaria and millet as alternative controls of root-knot nematodes infecting okra

“…According to Marin et al (2017), because of the high risk associated with the root-knot nematodes during the cultivation of okra, many studies have sought to find resistant varieties. However, the varieties resistant to Meloidogyne spp.…”