Selection of common bean lines with high grain yield and high grain calcium and iron concentrations

Abstract

RESUMO Seleção de linhagens de feijão com alta produtividade de grãos e alta concentração de cálcio e ferroO melhoramento genético da qualidade nutricional do feijão representa vantagens mercadológicas e contribui para a sociedade em termos de fonte de alimento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade genética para a produtividade de grãos e para a concentração de cálcio e de ferro em grãos de linhagens de feijão obtidas por diferentes métodos de melhoramento. Para tanto, 136 linhagens F 7 foram obtidas pelo método Genealógico e 136 linhagens F 7 foram obtidas pelo método Descendência de uma Única Semente (SSD). As linhagens de feijão apresentaram variabilidade genética para produtividade de grãos, concentração de cálcio e de ferro em grãos independentemente do método de condução da população segregante. O método Genealógico permitiu obter maior número de linhagens com alta produtividade de grãos. A seleção usando o método SSD possibilitou a identificação de maior número de linhagens com alta concentração de cálcio e de ferro nos grãos. Correlação negativa de baixa magnitude foi observada entre a produtividade de grãos e as concentrações de cálcio (r = -0,0994) e de ferro (r = -0,3926). Várias linhagens apresentam superioridade genética para a produtividade de grãos e para concentrações de cálcio e de ferro nos grãos, e a seleção destas linhagens pode resultar em novas cultivares de feijão com alta qualidade nutricional. Palavras Selection of common bean lines with high grain yield and high grain calcium and iron concentrationsGenetic improvement of common bean nutritional quality has advantages in marketing and can contribute to society as a food source. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability for grain yield, calcium and iron concentrations in grains of inbred common bean lines obtained by different breeding methods. For this, 136 F 7 inbred lines were obtained using the Pedigree method and 136 F 7 inbred lines were obtained using the Single-Seed Descent (SSD) method. The lines showed genetic variability for grain yield, and concentrations of calcium and iron independently of the method of advancing segregating populations. The Pedigree method allows obtaining a greater number of lines with high grain yield. Selection using the SSD method allows the identification of a larger number of lines with high concentrations of calcium and iron in grains. Weak negative correlations were found between grain yield and calcium concentration (r = -0.0994) and grain yield and iron concentration (r = -0.3926). Several lines show genetic superiority for grain yield and concentrations of calcium and iron in grains and their selection can result in new common bean cultivars with high nutritional quality.

Genetic control of iron concentration in Mesoamerican and Andean common bean seeds

“…Narrow-sense heritability is important in autogamous 72, 12, 4, 46, 21, 77, 68,85, 96, 98, 25, and 23 120, 87, 15, 86, 27, 84, 13, 21, 28, 88, 23, and 51 39, 97, 98, 91, 27, 95, 43, 99, 89, and Figures 1 A and 1 B). Continuous distribution for the iron concentration in Mesoamerican common bean seeds was also previously described among lines in the F 7 (Ribeiro et al, 2014a) and F 10 (Blair et al, 2010b) generations. These results may indicate that the inheritance of iron concentration in Mesoamerican common bean seeds is quantitative.…”

“…The inheritance pattern of the iron concentration in Mesoamerican and Andean common bean seeds is quantitative, since continuous distribution was observed among lines in the F 7 (Ribeiro et al, 2014a), F 7:11 , and F 10 (Blair et al, 2010b) generations. However, in early generations, no data on the type of frequency distribution for iron concentration was found for common bean seeds.…”

“…Mesoamerican and Andean common bean seeds have a large genetic variability for iron, and values from 29 to 159 mg kg -1 dry matter (DM) have been reported Blair et al, 2010aBlair et al, , 2010bJost et al, 2013;Ribeiro et al, 2014aRibeiro et al, , 2014b, which allows for the selection and use of iron-rich cultivars for human consumption.…”

<b>Genetic parameters of iron and zinc concentrations in Andean common bean seeds

“…A continuous distribution of the iron and zinc concentrations in common bean seeds was previously described in early (Possobom et al, 2015) and advanced (Blair, Astudilo, Grusak, Graham, & Beebe, 2009;Cichy, Caldas, Snapp, & Blair, 2009;Blair et al, 2010b;Ribeiro et al, 2014b;Teixeira, Lima, Abreu, & Ramalho, 2015) generations in recombinants that were obtained from the crosses Andean × Andean, Andean × Middle American and Middle American × Middle American. These results affirm that the iron and zinc concentrations in common bean present quantitative inheritance in populations of low and high homozygosity, regardless of the gene pool, and that they oppose the initial hypothesis of Cichy et al (2005) regarding the monogenic control of the zinc concentration in common bean seeds.…”

“…A random sample of 5 g of seeds was ground in an electrical grinder to produce particles smaller than 1 mm and was not sieved. Part of the raw bean flour that was obtained (0.5 g) was used for the nitricperchloric digestion process, as described by Ribeiro, Jost, Maziero, Storck, and Rosa (2014b). The iron and zinc concentrations in the seeds were measured in a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer at wavelengths of 248.30 and 213.90 nm, respectively.…”