Selection and applications of functional nucleic acids for infectious disease detection and prevention

Emergency Medicine International

et al. 2022

Purpose. Outbreaks caused by infectious diseases are now serious public health events. At present, most hospitals have a high number of fever clinic attendances. In order to improve the efficiency of fever clinic screening, timely detection and control of infection sources, early detection, early isolation, and early treatment, our hospital explored the construction and effect of our fever clinic management model during the response period by constructing a fever clinic regular management model based on the principles of infection control. Methods. 1300 cases (September 2021 to February 2022) with or without epidemiological history were divided into the control group (without epidemiological history) and the observation group (with epidemiological history) and patients were given differentiated management. A model of permanent management of a fever clinic during the epidemic was set up and evaluated by implementing the person responsible for epidemic positions, optimizing tertiary care, and strengthening nosocomial infection protection for health care workers. Results. The results showed that patients in the observation group had a lower age of onset, a longer consultation time, and a higher proportion of patients with fever, which was different from the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the control group, the proportion of routine blood tests, the proportion of four respiratory virus tests, and the per capita cost were higher in the observation group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). There were no missed diagnoses, underreporting, cross-infections, or nosocomial infections in either group, and there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of patients’ evaluation of management quality and satisfaction with management ( P > 0.05 ). The skill level, management attitude, and standardized operation of outpatient clinic managers improved after the construction of a fever clinic standing management model based on infection control, and the recognition of patients was higher in the observation group ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The construction of a fever outpatient routine management model based on the principle of infection control is conducive to the standardized implementation of the management and treatment of health care workers, early detection of the source of transmission to cut off the transmission route, avoiding cross-infection and nosocomial infection, and ensuring the safety of patients and health care workers.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection Control-Based Construction of a Fever Outpatient Routine Management Model

Wang

Emergency Medicine International

et al. 2022

“…DNAzymes consist of ssDNA molecules from a random DNA library selected in vitro and distinguished from aptamers by the addition of catalytic activity ( Zhu et al, 2021 ). Among these, the commonly available are RNA-cleaved DNAzymes and G-quadruplex DNAzymes.…”

Section: In Vitro Selection Of Functional Nucleic Acids Towards Understanding Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, functional nucleic acids (FNAs) were discovered via in vitro selection with significant concern are of primary concern within the biological and medical communities owing of the distinctive properties of their target recognition and catalysis ( Zhang et al, 2019 ). FNAs possess the following advantages: lower molecular weight and better permeability of FNAs make in vivo applications more possible; it is easy and inexpensive to modify FNAs, which can be produced in large quantities, by solid-phase synthesis; FNAs play a role in immune-related assays due to their lower immunospecificity than antibodies; the library contains a large number of random sequences, and different FNAs for a target can be endowed with a wealth of functionalities ( Zhu et al, 2021 ). FNAs are currently employed for the detection and therapeutic purposes of diseases caused by pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional nucleic acids as modular components against SARS-CoV-2: From diagnosis to therapeutics

Liu

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

2022

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which poses an extremely serious global impact on human public healthcare, represents a high transmission and disease-causing viral infection caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that is expanding at a rapid pace. Therefore, it is urgent for researchers to establish effective platforms for the assay and treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Functional nucleic acids (FNAs), comprising aptamers and nucleases, are of primary concern within the biological and medical communities owing of the distinctive properties of their target recognition and catalysis. This review will concentrate on the essential aspects of insights regarding FNAs and their technological expertise for the diagnostic and therapeutic utilization against COVID-19. We first offer a historical perspective of the COVID-19 pandemics, its clinical characteristics and potential biomarkers. Then, we briefly discuss the current diagnostic and therapeutic methodology towards COVID-19, highlighting the superiorities and existing shortcomings. After that, we introduce the key features of FNAs, and summarize recent progress of in vitro selection of FNAs for SARS-CoV-2 specific proteins and RNAs, followed by highlighting the general concept of translating FNAs into functional probes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Then, we critically review the emerging FNAs-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that are fast, precise, efficient, and highly specific to fight COVID-19. Finally, we identify remaining challenges and offer future outlook of this emerging field.

“…The latter is a surrogate marker for the specific protein to be detected and contains a specific molecular barcode. Circularized padlock probes are amplified directly by either polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or rolling circle amplification (RCA) processes, taking advantage of SybrGreen real-time PCR amplification monitoring techniques for target detection ( 86 ). The PLA assays have been used to detect porcine parvovirus and foot-and-mouth disease virus ( 87 ).…”

Section: Molecular Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review detection of Newcastle disease virus

Mao

Schrickel

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

Newcastle disease (ND) is an acute and highly contagious disease caused by the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infecting poultry, which has caused great harm to the poultry industry around the world. Rapid diagnosis of NDV is important to early treatment and early institution of control measures. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the most recent research into NDV, including historical overview, molecular structure, and infection mechanism. We then focus on detection strategies for NDV, including virus isolation, serological assays (such as hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition tests, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, reporter virus neutralization test, Immunofluorescence assay, and Immune colloidal gold technique), molecular assays (such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, real-time quantitative PCR, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification) and other assays. The performance of the different serological and molecular biology assays currently available was also analyzed. To conclude, we examine the limitations of currently available strategies for the detection of NDV to lay the groundwork for new detection assays.