Review detection of Newcastle disease virus

Abstract

Newcastle disease (ND) is an acute and highly contagious disease caused by the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infecting poultry, which has caused great harm to the poultry industry around the world. Rapid diagnosis of NDV is important to early treatment and early institution of control measures. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the most recent research into NDV, including historical overview, molecular structure, and infection mechanism. We then focus on detection strategies for NDV, including virus isolation, serological assays (such as hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition tests, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, reporter virus neutralization test, Immunofluorescence assay, and Immune colloidal gold technique), molecular assays (such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, real-time quantitative PCR, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification) and other assays. The performance of the different serological and molecular biology assays currently available was also analyzed. To conclude, we examine the limitations of currently available strategies for the detection of NDV to lay the groundwork for new detection assays.

Characterization of Chicken-Derived Genotype VII Newcastle Disease Virus Isolates from Northwest China

“…Previous reports have shown that NDV can be disseminated in the blood, so that virus can be detected in all tissues and organs after infection; however, the viral loads in tissues and organs have discrepancies between NDV genotypes ( Jia et al, 2022 ; Mao et al, 2022 ). We observed high viral loads in different tissues showed high levels in the thymus, bursa of Fabricius, intestine, liver, and spleen, with lower viral loads in the kidney, muscle, brain, and pancreas.…”

In vitro analysis of quercetin-like compounds from mistletoe Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq as a potential antiviral agent for Newcastle disease

“…In result, page 11, wavenumber should be separated. it was not uniformly written in many pages, (check page 12,13). The low yield of the extract should be compared to early researchers.…”

“…11 The severity of the infection is determined by the virulence of the infecting virus and the host susceptibility. 11,12 The occurrence of cases is reportable; they may result in trade restrictions. NDV is also known as avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (PMV-1).…”

Development and Evaluation of a Blocking Lateral Flow Assay Strip for Detection of Newcastle Disease Virus Antibodies

“…Meanwhile, the serum antibody levels in vaccinated chickens, especially neutralizing antibody levels, are important indicators for evaluating NDV vaccination [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. The Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test remains a common method for detecting NDV antibodies and can effectively evaluate the level of immune antibodies and immune protection against the vaccine [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. However, the HI test is complex and time-consuming to perform and requires specific specialist operators.…”