Selected South African plants with tyrosinase enzyme inhibition and their effect on gene expression

Stapelberg, J. S.; Nqephe, M.; Lambrechts, Isa Anina; Crampton, Bridget Genevieve; Lall, Namrita

doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2018.08.013

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…As shown in the results described in Table 2, plants reported from the Fabaceae family were only tested for their ability as TYR inhibitors, and all proved to be strong inhibitors. Further results obtained by Lall et al [65], supported the findings for Ormocarpum and Acacia nilotica, which demonstrated the lowest IC 50 value of 2.95 µg/mL and showed to have the highest TYR inhibition of 98.3% (IC 50 8.61 µg/mL), respectively [36,63]. Cassipourea congoensis demonstrated significant effects of both crude extract and isolated compounds on melanin and TYR activity, respectively [49].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Tyrosinase and Melanogenesis Inhibition by Indigenous African Plants: A Review

et al. 2020

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The indiscriminate use of non-regulated skin lighteners among African populations has raised health concerns due to the negative effects associated with skin lightener toxicity. For this reason, there is a growing interest in the cosmetic development of plants and their metabolites as alternatives to available chemical-derived skin lightening formulations. Approximately 90% of Africa’s population depends on traditional medicine, and the continent’s biodiversity holds plant material with various biological activities, thus attracting considerable research interest. This study aimed to review existing evidence and document indigenous African plant species capable of inhibiting the enzyme tyrosinase and melanogenesis for potential incorporation into skin lightening products. Literature search on melanin biosynthesis, skin lightening, and tyrosinase inhibitors resulted in the identification of 35 plant species were distributed among 31 genera and 21 families across 15 African countries and 9 South African provinces. All plants identified in this study showed competent tyrosinase and melanogenesis inhibitory capabilities. These results indicate that African plants have the potential to serve as alternatives to current chemically-derived skin lighteners.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Tyrosinase and Melanogenesis Inhibition by Indigenous African Plants: A Review

et al. 2020

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“…Plant extracts of Ormocarpum trichocarpum, Kalanchoe thyrsiflora, Myrsine pillansii, Vachellia karroo, Rapanea melanophloeos and Myrsine africana were evaluated for their tyrosinase inhibition capacity. The most effective inhibition of the tyrosinase enzyme was reported for Ormocarpum trichocarpum and Vachellia karroo; these medicinal extracts inhibited 50% of the tyrosinase enzyme at concentrations of2.95 and 6.84 µg/L, respectively [105].…”

Section: Effect Of Inhibitors On Enzyme Activitymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In a similar study conducted by Stapelberg et al (2018), South African medicinal plants that have tyrosinase enzyme inhibition properties and their influence on gene expression was evaluated [105]. Plant extracts of Ormocarpum trichocarpum, Kalanchoe thyrsiflora, Myrsine pillansii, Vachellia karroo, Rapanea melanophloeos and Myrsine africana were evaluated for their tyrosinase inhibition capacity.…”

Section: Effect Of Inhibitors On Enzyme Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis of enzyme kinetic data helps in understanding the effects of complexation of an enzyme's interaction with a substrate after dissociation as well as the efficiency of the catalyst [107,108]. For instance, Touahar et al (2014) developed a combined cross-linked enzyme aggregate (combi-CLEA) by cross-linking three oxidative enzymes, namely laccase (Lac), glucose oxidase (GOD) and versatile peroxidase (VP) enzymes after aggregation and evaluated this combi-CLEA for the elimination of pharmaceuticals (acetaminophen, mefenamic acid, naproxen, diclofenac and indomethacin) [105]. The combined CLEA was able to remove acetaminophen, naproxen, mefenamic acid, diclofenac and indomethacin in water due to the presence of VP and laccase, showing that the biocatalyst can be used for industrial application for water treatment.…”

Section: Kinetic Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overview of Recent Advances in Immobilisation Techniques for Phenol Oxidases in Solution

Ndlovu

Malinga

2020

Catalysts

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Over the past two decades, phenol oxidases, particularly laccases and tyrosinases, have been extensively used for the removal of numerous pollutants in wastewaters due to their broad substrate specificity and their ability to use readily accessible molecular oxygen as the essential cofactor. As for other enzymes, immobilisation of laccases and tyrosinases has been shown to improve the performance and efficiency of the biocatalysts in solution. Several reviews have addressed the enzyme immobilisation techniques and the application of phenol oxidases to decontaminate wastewaters. This paper offers an overview of the recent publications, mainly from 2012 onwards, on the various immobilisation techniques applied to laccases and tyrosinases to induce and/or increase the performance of the biocatalysts. In this paper, the emphasis is on the efficiencies achieved, in terms of structural modifications, stability and resistance to extreme conditions (pH, temperature, inhibitors, etc.), reactivity, reusability, and broad substrate specificity, particularly for application in bioremediation processes. The advantages and disadvantages of several enzyme immobilisation techniques are also discussed. The relevance and effectiveness of the immobilisation techniques with respect to wastewater decontamination are critically assessed. A perspective on the future directions for large-scale application of the phenol oxidases in immobilised forms is provided.

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“…Intracellular ROS are continuously being generated from many normal cellular events like aerobic respiration, and can cause damage to the body, hence the need to regulate the body's responses through the counteractive actions of many endogenous antioxidant proteins [45]. Depending on the levels produced, iROS could be to cell signalling and regulation or injurious to cell survival as by-products of metabolic processes [64]. Some studies have reported that natural depigmentation processes such as hair greying and vitiligo could be caused by iROS generation [51,65].…”

Section: Cosmeceuticalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Effects of the Methanolic Leaf Extract of Otholobium fruticans in Murine B16 Melanoma Cells: Implications for the Treatment of Skin Hyperpigmentation

Oyekunle

Meyer

Madiehe

et al. 2021

EJMP

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Hyperpigmentation is a cosmetically important skin disorder which commonly affects the face and neck regions and impacts negatively on the self-esteem of affected persons. Most of the current treatment agents for hyperpigmentation are cosmetic additives and prescription medications which generally act to suppress melanogenesis. However, many of these products are known to have limited effectiveness, deleterious side effects, and induce adverse reactions especially after prolonged use, hence safe and efficacious treatments are required. Herbal formulations are a putative alternative, considering their use for generations in traditional medicine for treating many diseases, including skin-related conditions. In this study, the methanolic leaf extract of Otholobium fruticans, a gardening and ornamental plant common to the South African Cape provinces, was evaluated for its possible anti-melanogenic effects based on evidence from its traditional use. The 50 µg/mL extract concentration was found to be non-toxic to murine B16 melanoma cells, to significantly reduce tyrosinase activity, increase intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) levels and down-regulate some melanogenesis-related genes (TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, MITF and MC1R), except the β-catenin gene which was upregulated. These findings tend to suggest that the depigmentation potential of the methanolic extract of O. fruticans could be mediated through an interplay of mechanisms that inhibit tyrosinase activity and the cAMP-dependent pathway, as well as increased iROS levels. Further studies involving the chemical isolation, characterization and testing of the activities of the constituent compounds in O. fruticans are recommended to fully understand the basis for the current traditional uses of Otholobium plants for the treatment of skin conditions.

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Selected South African plants with tyrosinase enzyme inhibition and their effect on gene expression

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Tyrosinase and Melanogenesis Inhibition by Indigenous African Plants: A Review

Tyrosinase and Melanogenesis Inhibition by Indigenous African Plants: A Review

Overview of Recent Advances in Immobilisation Techniques for Phenol Oxidases in Solution

In vitro Effects of the Methanolic Leaf Extract of Otholobium fruticans in Murine B16 Melanoma Cells: Implications for the Treatment of Skin Hyperpigmentation

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