Selected Chemical Properties of Necrosols from the Abandoned Cemeteries Słabowo and Szymonka (Great Mazurian Lakes District)

Abstract

Abstract:The paper shows the occurrences of cemetery soils and the physico-chemical features of soils in the cemeteries Słabowo and Szymonka (Great Mazurian Lakes District). Necrosols are anthropogenic soils and belong to Urbanosols. They form only in the area of cemeteries. Four soil profiles (Necrosols) were investigated in terms of morphological description and chemical properties especially phosphorus (Pt), organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (Nt). These profiles were compared with the reference profile (Rusty soil, according to WRB 2007 Brunic Arenosol) made outside the cemetery. On the basis of research Necrosol has been defined as a soil formed by special human activity in cemeteries and burial grounds with specific soil horizon sequence, and also physical and chemical properties.

Microbiological Analysis of Necrosols Collected from Urban Cemeteries in Poland

“…Research on cemetery soil emerged in the second half of the 20th century, accompanied by the introduction of the term “necrosol.” Subject to transformation of the soil profile, this layer does not exceed a depth of 0.2 m [ 13 ]. International research on necrosols has focused on their physicochemical properties, primarily phosphorus, nitrogen, and organic carbon contents [ 14 , 15 ]. The groundwater in the vicinity of cemeteries showed increased concentrations of intestinal flora, ions, and amino acids, such as putrescine and cadaverine.…”

“…The impacts of soil microbe profiles should be assessed with consideration of human contact, as in the present study. Moreover, analyses of groundwater contamination in/and around cemeteries does not allow confrontation with results achieved in Polish scientific study, as they have been performed in a different geographic location, also to each other [ 13 – 15 ].…”

Estudio de Necrosoles y suelos de cementerio

“…El análisis del contenido total de fósforo (Ptotal) en los suelos, demuestra un mayor contenido de este elemento en Necrosoles en relación con un perfil no transformado, lo que confirma el origen notablemente antropogénico de estos. Así como el contenido total de carbono orgánico del suelo y la abundancia de materia orgánica en el interior de los Necrosoles y muestra que el mayor contenido de estos elementos proporciona la base para reconocerlos como un elemento de diagnóstico valioso en la investigación de Necrosoles [6,8,9,15]. De forma similar estos suelos muestran enriquecimiento de fósforo total, materia orgánica y de elementos traza como arsénico (As), cromo (Cr), cobre (Cu), plomo (Pb), zinc (Zn), aluminio (Al), hierro (Fe) y mercurio (Hg), debido a las extremas presiones tecno y antropogénicas causadas por ejemplo, por la densidad extrema de prisioneros y cremación masiva de cuerpos humanos, en campos de concentración nazi, que muestra claramente la transformación del suelo, derivada de este tipo de usos de la tierra [16].…”

Evaluation of soil contamination by heavy metals at public cemeteries in the municipality of Lages, southern Brazil

“…https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-415220200030 Baum, C.A. et al Traditional burial is a practice in urban areas that generates byproducts, such as necro-leachate, which is a potential liquid pollutant that changes the physicochemical and biological characteristics of the bedrock (MAJGIER & RAHMONOV, 2012;CRUZ et al, 2017). Necro-leachate has many components originating from the decomposition of bodies, coffins, adornments, and fabrics used to dress the bodies as well as products and substances introduced into the body throughout the individual's life (WILLIAMS et al, 2009;FIEDLER et al, 2012;JONKER & OLIVIER, 2012).…”