Seismic Fragility Analysis of Monopile Offshore Wind Turbines under Different Operational Conditions

Mo, Renjie; Kang, Hyeon-Suk; Li, Miao; Zhao, Xuanlie

doi:10.3390/en10071037

Cited by 58 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…• Spontaneous or unexpected phenomena such as earthquakes, tsunamis or extreme meteorological offshore events. Additional information from location, ground composition and soil-foundation interactions become much more relevant at regions where these events appear more frequently [47][48][49].…”

Section: Typologies Of Foundationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foundations in Offshore Wind Farms: Evolution, Characteristics and Range of Use. Analysis of Main Dimensional Parameters in Monopile Foundations

Avila-Sanchez

Gutiérrez

Negro

et al. 2019

JMSE

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Renewable energies are the future, and offshore wind is undoubtedly one of the renewable energy sources for the future. Foundations of offshore wind turbines are essential for its right development. There are several types: monopiles, gravity-based structures, jackets, tripods, floating support, etc., being the first ones that are most used up to now. This manuscript begins with a review of the offshore wind power installed around the world and the exposition of the different types of foundations in the industry. For that, a database has been created, and all the data are being processed to be exposed in clear graphic summarizing the current use of the different foundation types, considering mainly distance to the coast and water depth. Later, the paper includes an analysis of the evolution and parameters of the design of monopiles, including wind turbine and monopile characteristics. Some monomials are considered in this specific analysis and also the soil type. So, a general view of the current state of monopile foundations is achieved, based on a database with the offshore wind farms in operation.

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Section: Typologies Of Foundationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foundations in Offshore Wind Farms: Evolution, Characteristics and Range of Use. Analysis of Main Dimensional Parameters in Monopile Foundations

Avila-Sanchez

Gutiérrez

Negro

et al. 2019

JMSE

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“…The SSI between monopile and the soil has been modelled using coupled springs placed at the mudline as reported in several recent studies [34][35][39][40][41][42]. A notable shortcoming of this method is that the responses of the embedded pile cannot be obtained correctly.…”

Section: Soil-pile Interaction Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the responses of the wind turbine for 22 different earthquakes, it was found that the prediction of fragility is significantly influenced by the variation of earthquake ground motion through different soil layers. Mo et al [34] performed a seismic fragility analysis of an OWT under different operational states by considering the SSI. The probability of reaching damage states was obtained for different wind speed conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of seismic behaviour of an offshore wind turbine with a flexible foundation

Yang

Bashir

et al. 2019

Ocean Engineering

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Analysis of seismic behaviour of an offshore wind turbine with a flexible foundation http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/10382/ Article LJMU has developed LJMU Research Online for users to access the research output of the University more effectively. , J (2019) Analysis of seismic behaviour of an offshore wind turbine with a flexible foundation. Ocean Engineering, 178. pp. 215-228. Abstract: This paper investigates the effects of nonlinear soil behaviours on the structural responses of offshore wind turbines (OWTs) subjected to wind, wave and earthquake loadings. A novel seismic analysis framework (SAF) is developed for the assessment of seismic behaviours of OWTs with flexible and fixed foundations. The SAF consists of an improved QuakeDyn module that is implemented into an open source tool (FAST). SAF has been validated through benchmark studies using numerical tools and the results show good agreements. Fully coupled nonlinear simulations have been performed for OWTs with fixed and flexible foundations under operational, parked and emergency shutdown states. The flexible foundation is modelled using nonlinear p-y curves obtained using LPILE. For all the examined operating conditions, notable differences of magnitude and variation in the responses between the flexible and fixed cases are observed, indicating the need for soil effects to be accounted in seismic behaviour analysis of wind turbines. It is further observed that the earthquake induces more severe vibrations on wind turbines with a flexible foundation compared to the one with a fixed base. Also, aerodynamic damping dissipates more energy from earthquake excitation resulting in a smaller tower-top fore-aft displacement. The shutdown triggered by the earthquake causes a 34% increase in the mudline bending moment for the flexible foundation case, while a decreasing trend is observed for the fixed foundation model. Similar observations are made  Corresponding author: lichun_usst@163.com 2 / 41regarding the tower-top displacements. The observations imply that ignoring the soil effect may lead to misjudgement of the consequence of an emergency shutdown. The relative orientation of the ground motion with respect to the wind direction causes significant difference in the seismic behaviour of the wind turbine. This confirms that it is necessary to interchange the horizontal components of an earthquake in order to consider the intersectional effect between ground motion and wind.

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“…The stiffness of each spring at a corresponding depth was represented by a p-y curve. Mo et al [40] also performed a seismic fragility analysis of an offshore wind turbine under different operating states by considering the effect of SSI. Wind loads were calculated using FAST and then applied to the FEM model for coupling with earthquake loadings in OpenSees.…”

Section: Appropriate Accurate Reliablementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the sensitivity of flexible foundation models of an offshore wind turbine under earthquake loadings

Yang

Bashir

et al. 2019

Engineering Structures

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This paper presents an investigation on the sensitivity of flexible foundation models of offshore wind turbines subjected to earthquake loadings. A novel seismic analysis framework (SAF) is developed and implemented in an open source aero-hydro-elastic analysis tool, "FAST", for accurately modelling the effects of seismic loadings on offshore wind turbines. SAF has been validated through comparisons against experimentally validated numerical tools, GH Bladed and NREL Seismic. The behaviours of three flexible foundation models, namely, the apparent fixity (AF), coupled springs (CS) and distributed springs (DS) methods, subjected to earthquake loadings have been examined in relation to a fixed foundation. A total of 224 fully coupled nonlinear simulations of the foundation models are performed using a dataset of 28 earthquake records which are scaled using the target spectrum matching technique to represent the actual seismic effects of the selected sites. The results reveal that the AF model appropriately reflects realistic situations in comparison to the CS model. In addition, the amplitudes of vibration induced by the earthquake loadings are larger for

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Seismic Fragility Analysis of Monopile Offshore Wind Turbines under Different Operational Conditions

Cited by 58 publications

References 51 publications

Foundations in Offshore Wind Farms: Evolution, Characteristics and Range of Use. Analysis of Main Dimensional Parameters in Monopile Foundations

Foundations in Offshore Wind Farms: Evolution, Characteristics and Range of Use. Analysis of Main Dimensional Parameters in Monopile Foundations

Analysis of seismic behaviour of an offshore wind turbine with a flexible foundation

Investigation on the sensitivity of flexible foundation models of an offshore wind turbine under earthquake loadings

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