Segmentación del empleo y apreciación de la educación en un modelo productivo anclado. Análisis comparativo entre España y Argentina

Abstract

Employment segmentation and appreciation of education in an anchored production model: Comparative analysis between Spain and Argentina This article addresses two main issues through a comparative analytical exercise of Spain and Argentina. Firstly, we examine to what extent labour market segmentation processes produce similar dynamics of structuring labour inequalities in both countries and what aspects are specific to a labour reality situated in different cultural, social, economic and historical contexts. In this regard, the general hypothesis establishes that there is no single labour market that adjusts supply and demand but rather diverse segments that structure hierarchical positions in the labour market according to specific labour supply profiles, and that the configuration of the employment segments in Spain and Argentina show a high correspondence. Secondly, given the structure of employment segmentation, we consider to what extent the misnamed 'occupational overeducation' of the labour force and the supposed devaluation of educational credentials occur in both countries. Understanding that the phenomenon should be viewed from the demand side and given the anchored and internally differentiated production systems of both countries, this phenomenon, which we prefer to call 'underoccupation', is of greater importance in Spain than in Argentina given the country's educational expansion and hence the greater difficulty to absorb the qualified workforce in the most productive sectors due to the inability of the productive model to create commensurate jobs.

A Log-Linear Analysis of Efficiency in Wheelchair Basketball According to Player Classification

“…Log-linear analysis was used to investigate interactions between three dimensions: position of the last pass before a shot (last pass position), shot position, and shot result according to players’ classification, which ranged from PC1.0 for players in the lowest functional category to PC4.5 for those in the highest functional category. The goal of log-linear analysis was to select the most parsimonious model capable of explaining the distribution of cell frequencies in a corresponding contingency table ( López-Roldán and Fachelli, 2015 ). We built six hierarchical models: one for each of the functional categories in our sample.…”

Measuring labour market segmentation for a comparative analysis among countries

“…The segmentationist literature has identified these jobs in terms of the duality of the labour market, differentiating the primary segment from the secondary segment according to a hierarchy of working conditions and employment quality, as well as differentiated social profiles. This has been expressed in general terms in numerous contributions since the 1970s, including the works of Doeringer and Piore (1971), Rubery (1978), Gordon, Edwards and Reich (1982) Wilkinson (1981), Craig et al (1982), Recio (1991), Grimshaw and Rubery (2005), Rubery (2005Rubery ( , 2007, Gibert (2011) and López-Roldán y Fachelli (2019). This theoretical perspective is reflected and expanded in the proposal for renewal made by Grimshaw et al (2017).…”

“…To contrast the typological hypothesis, we will operationalize our analysis model using a segmentation of employment approach (López-Roldán 1996b, López-Roldán et al 1998, López-Roldán and Fachelli 2019) by comparing the cases of Spain and Argentina at one point in time. To achieve our comparative objective, we therefore analyse the employed population from the perspective of employment rather than work, i.e.…”

Trabajadores pobres en Argentina y en España: un análisis comparativo centrado en las desigualdades ocupacionales

“…De acuerdo con este último -que es el que adoptamos aquí-, se enfatiza en determinantes estructurales como el tipo y el ritmo de crecimiento económico o el nivel de desarrollo, más que en las características de las personas pobres. escasez de firmas que utilicen tecnología de punta (Banyuls y Recio, 2017b;Banyuls et al, 2009;López-Roldán y Fachelli, 2019;Salvia et al, 2018). A pesar de estas similitudes, las diferencias en el nivel de desarrollo de Argentina y España son ostensibles: si hasta mediados de los sesenta ambos países se asemejaban, el producto interior bruto (PIB) per cápita español de 2017 -en dólares a paridad de poder adquisitivo (PPA)-duplicaba al argentino.…”

“…También existen diferencias importantes en las formas de regulación del mercado de trabajo. El modelo del mercado de trabajo español, que algunos autores caracterizan como «neoliberal mediterráneo» (Banyuls et al, 2009;López-Roldán y Fachelli, 2019), se caracteriza por sus altas tasas de desempleo, la extensión de formas de contratación temporarias y flexibles y las trayectorias laborales inestables (Verd y López Andreu, 2016). De todas formas, España cuenta con un sistema de regulación del desempleo -el seguro de paro-ampliamente extendido y que garantiza la sustitución de ingresos a los trabajadores desocupados.…”