Seed Production of Varieties of Spring Rape Depending on the Doses of Mineral Fertilizers in the Conditions of the Middle Urals

Abstract

The article presents the results of two-factor field experience on the influence of mineral fertilizers on the seed productivity of spring rape varieties Ratnik and hybrid Smilla. The studies carried out in 2016-2018 on sod-mezopodzol loam soil training and research experimental fields of the Perm GATU. The positive effect of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizers, as well as their complex application with phosphorus and potassium on the yield and elements of the yield structure was noted at both sites. Each subsequent increase in the dose of nitrogen in accordance with the scheme of experience led to a significant increase in productivity. The introduction of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers increased the yield of all options in comparison with similar options without their use. The highest yield is typical for the hybrid Smilla (2.95 t/ha), for Ratnik variety the maximum yield was 2.32 t/ha. Hybrid Smilla is more responsive to the use of high doses of mineral fertilizers, its use is preferable in a high culture of agriculture. The introduction of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizers has led to increased plant safety during the growing season. The maximum number of plants to be harvested was observed when applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizers and nitrogen in doses of 60 kg/ha.the use of complex mineral nutrition led to an increase in the number of plants to be harvested than in similar variants with the introduction of only nitrogen. Leaf diagnostics revealed that the lack of nitrogen is typical for options without fertilizers. Nitrogen application of 120 kg/ha, as well as 90 kg/ha on the phosphorus-potassium background provided a sufficient amount of nitrogen. The maximum dose of N120P60K60 led to excessive accumulation of nitrates in the plant. According to the provision of plants with phosphorus and potassium, a similar pattern was observed: when making a phosphorus-potassium background, the need for these nutrients was absent, and without the use of these fertilizers, plants had a weak need for them. Mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on the number of pods and the weight of 1000 seeds. The maximum values of these indicators are noted when the largest doses of nitrogen and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are applied.