Seed Meal Detoxication, Seed Meal from Crambe abyssinica

VanEtten, C. H.; Daxenbichler, M. E.; Peters, J. E.; Wolff, I. A.; Booth, A. N.

doi:10.1021/jf60137a008

Cited by 63 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Diets containing 5-42% crambe meat produced growth depression proportional to amount of crambe fed; they also decreased feed efficiency and enlarged thyroids. Similarly, VanEtten et al (19) found that rats fed crambe meal as 15-25% of their rations lost weight and died within 90 days. Such toxicity is always observed in feeding raw crambe meals containing both intact glucosinolates and active TGSase (9,(12)(13)(14)(16)(17)(18)37).…”

Section: Raw Dehulled Defatted Crambe Mealmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…VanEtten et al (19) determined the solubility of crambe meal N as a function of pH. They showed that crambe N is much more soluble than soybean N at the pH of minimum solubility (pH 3.5-4.5); however, a higher pH is required for maximum solubilization of crambe N. Classified according to solubility in different aqueous solvents, ca.…”

Section: Protein Quantity and Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dehulled, defatted crambe meal contains from 7 to 10% glucosinolates (19,20), 90% of which will be (S)-2-hydroxy-3-butenyl glucosinolate (21,22), commonly called epiprogoitrin and abbreviated in this paper as epi-PG (I, Figure 2). In crambe seed, epi-PG is accompanied by, but separated from, a glucosinolate-hydrolyzing enzyme system called thioglucosidase (abbreviated here as TGSase).…”

Section: G Lucosinoiates and Ag Lucon Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such toxicity is always observed in feeding raw crambe meals containing both intact glucosinolates and active TGSase (9,(12)(13)(14)(16)(17)(18)37). In contrast, VanEtten et al (19) and Yookey et al (16) showed that aqueous acetone extraction of dehulled, defatted crambe meal removed all but traces of epi-PG and aglucon products and effectively detoxified the meal. When fed to weanling rats at up to 28% of the ration, these meals were palatable and produced weight gains of 88-100% of the controls.…”

Section: Raw Dehulled Defatted Crambe Mealmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crambe meal as a protein source for feeds

Carlson

Tookey

1983

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Crambe abyssinica may be grown for its seed oil containing 55‐60% erucic acid, which fills a long‐term, technologically important US industrial market. The residual meal could serve in animal feeds, but, like other Cruciferae, crambe seed contains glucosinolates that limit the feed value of the defatted meal. Protein content, amino acid composition, protein efficiency tests and numerous animal feeding experiments show that crambe meal contains protein of good nutritional quality. Means of reducing, nullifying or removing the glucosinolates and their hydrolysis (aglucon) products have been the object of many studies, and crambe meals containing native levels of glucosinolates and/or aglucon products have been shown to be lethal to mice, rats and chicks when fed at significant dietary levels. Animal performance is inversely related to sublethal concen‐trations of these compounds in modified meals. However, water‐extracted crambe meals have excellent nutritional quality when such extraction removes the glucosinolates and/or aglucon products. Feeding experiments suggest that these meals, although more costly to prepare, could be used in feeds for nonruminant animals. On the other hand, moist heat‐toasting of crambe meals in conventional oilseed extraction facilities provides meals of value for supplemental protein in beef rations. For this use, specifications and FDA ap‐proval are in place for commercial exploitation of crambe meal. These studies and the status of crambe as a protein source in feeds are reviewed.

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Section: Raw Dehulled Defatted Crambe Mealmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Protein Quantity and Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: G Lucosinoiates and Ag Lucon Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Raw Dehulled Defatted Crambe Mealmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Crambe meal as a protein source for feeds

Carlson

Tookey

1983

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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“…T h e importance of crambe oil as a source of erucic acid has ensured the ready availability of crambe meal, and various ways of inactivating the toxic glucosinolates have been examined. A procedure based on acetone extraction of wetted meal was developed (Van Etten, Daxenbichler, Peters & Wolff, 1965), and this led to a procedure involving the autolysis of dehulled, defatted crambe seed followed by extraction with aqueous acetone which yiclded a product allowing 88% of the rat growth permitted by control animals over a 13-wcek , 1969). Ammoniation also improved the nutritive value of the seed for pigs and poultry (Kirk, Mustakas & Griffin, 1966) but the product was unpalatable for calves in long-term feeding trials.…”

Section: Cruciferous Oilseedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of processing on the nutritive value of vegetable-protein concentrates

Aa¹

1973

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Zur Kenntnis der schwefelhaltigen Verbindungen in Raps und seinen Verarbeitungsprodukten

1972

Nahrung

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Einleitung Raps (Brassica napus) und Rtibsen (Brassica rapa) werden botanisch unter dem SammelnamenBrassica campeslris geflihrt und gehoren in die Familie der Cvuciferae, der Kreuzbllitler [7g]. Die Samen unterscheiden sich durch GroBe, Farbe und dlgehalt. Beides sind runde braune bis rotbraune Komer, Raps ist etwas dunkler als Rlibsen. Der Korndurchmesser betragt bei Raps 1-2 mm, bei Rtibsen ungefahr die Hiilfte. I m Anbau tiberwiegt der Raps bei weitem; der dlgehalt der Samen liegt bei etwa 40%. Rapsol und Rtibol sind weder nach der Zusammensetzung noch in ihrem chemischen oder physikalischen Verhalten zu unterscheiden. Beide Ole werden deshalb als eine dlart, und zwar als Rapsol oder als Rlibol bezeichnet. Entsprechend den Angaben aus dem Jahre 1966 betrug die Weltproduktion an Rapssaaten etwa 4,3 Mill. t und steht demnach an 6. Stelle bei den dlsaaten [74]. Von den anderen dlsaaten unterscheidet sich die Rapssaat durch eine sehr abweichende Zusammensetzung ihres Oles (hoher Anteil an Erucasaure) und durch das Vorkommen von Thioglukosiden. I n manchen Staaten, z. B. in Kanada, Polen und Schweden, hat die Rapsforschung schon langjahrige Traditionen [I 181. Besondere Aufmerksarnkeit wird dem Gehalt an Erucasiiure [13, 22, 23, 1121 und Thioglukosiden [5] gewidmet mit der Absicht, auf zlichterischem Wege den Gehalt dieser Inhaltsstoffe zu vermindern. Nach Angaben von CARROLL [IS] wird e k e schadliche Wirkung der Erucasiiure festgestellt. Diese Frage ist zwar nicht endgtiltig entschieden [73], aber man glaubt, daB eine Steigerung des biologischen Wertes von Rapsol durch eine Herabsetzung des Gehaltes an Erucasaure erreicht werden kann. Wie man Berichten aus Kanada und Schweden entnehmen muB, werden schon Rapssorten gezlichtet, die frei von Erucasaure sind [96, 981. Diese Sorten geben jedoch eine niedrigere dlausbeute und zeigen eine geringere Winterfestigkeit. Der unerwtinschte Thioglukosidgehalt in Rapssaaten lLBt sich nach Angaben von APPELg v r s~ [5] ebenfalls ztichterisch gtinstig beeinflussen. Die z. B. in der DDR durchgeftihrten Veredlungsversuche ergeben eine Rapssorte mit niedrigem Isothiocyanatgehalt [So]. SchweJelhallige Verbindungen des Rapses I. VorkommenMan kennt schon seit langer Zeit den scharfen, bitteren Geschmack der Rapskorner a n d den stechenden Geruch, der beim Zerreiben frei wird. Die Anwendung von Rapsschrot als

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Seed Meal Detoxication, Seed Meal from Crambe abyssinica

Cited by 63 publications

References 8 publications

Crambe meal as a protein source for feeds

Crambe meal as a protein source for feeds

The effects of processing on the nutritive value of vegetable-protein concentrates

Zur Kenntnis der schwefelhaltigen Verbindungen in Raps und seinen Verarbeitungsprodukten

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